National Working-Time Regimes and Equal Opportunities

Rubery, Jill; Smith, Mark; Fagan, Colette

doi:10.1080/135457098338572

Cited by 122 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Across the EU 15, 71 per cent of working age men are in employment compared with 51 per cent of women. That 33 per cent of women in employment are working part-time compared with 6 per cent of men suggests that women still accommodate unpaid family work (Eurostat, 2000: 34;Bettio et al, 2000;Fagan et al, 2001;Hakim, 2000;Rubery et al, 1998aRubery et al, , 1998bRubery et al, , 1999). Men's lifetime earnings are higher than their partners': in the UK among couples with children -on average -women's earnings are half men's (Rake, 2000).…”

Section: Paid Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Gender Regimes and Policies for Gender Equality in a Wider Europe

Pascall

Lewis²

2004

J. Soc. Pol.

228

186

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This article addresses some implications for gender equality and gender policy at European and national levels of transformations in family, economy and polity, which challenge gender regimes across Europe. Women's labour market participation in the west and the collapse of communism in the east have undermined the systems and assumptions of western male breadwinner and dual worker models of central and eastern Europe. Political reworking of the work/welfare relationship into active welfare has individualised responsibility. Individualisation is a key trend west − and in some respects east − and challenges the structures that supported care in state and family. The links that joined men to women, cash to care, incomes to carers have all been fractured. The article will argue that care work and unpaid care workers are both casualties of these developments. Social, political and economic changes have not been matched by the development of new gender models at the national level. And while EU gender policy has been admired as the most innovative aspect of its social policy, gender equality is far from achieved: women's incomes across Europe are well below men's; policies for supporting unpaid care work have developed modestly compared with labour market activation policies. Enlargement brings new challenges as it draws together gender regimes with contrasting histories and trajectories. The article will map social policies for gender equality across the key elements of gender regimes -paid work, care work, income, time and voice -and discuss the nature of a model of gender equality that would bring gender equality across these. It analyses ideas about a dual earner-dual carer model, in the Dutch combination scenario and 'universal caregiver' models, at household and civil society levels. These offer a starting point for a model in which paid and unpaid work are equally valued and equally shared between men and women, but we argue that a citizenship model, in which paid and unpaid work obligations are underpinned by social rights, is more likely to achieve gender equality.

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Section: Paid Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Gender Regimes and Policies for Gender Equality in a Wider Europe

Pascall

Lewis²

2004

J. Soc. Pol.

228

186

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“…Lallement noted in this journal in 2011 that levels of unemployment, and societal labour market adjustments to job loss, varied substantially across nations, but he suggested that part of what marked the UK out was its postrecessionary growth in 'work-time underemployment'. An increase in the number of workers with 'too few' hours raises questions about recessionary ramifications for the UK work-time regime (Rubery et al, 1998). These are also class concerns: work-time and work-time preferences are classed in Britain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work-time underemployment and financial hardship: class inequalities and recession in the UK

Warren

2015

Work, Employment and Society

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The economic crisis that led to recession in the UK in 2008-9 impacted in multiple ways on work and economic life. This article examines changes to the work-time of employees. The UK stood out for its recessionary expansion of work-time underemployment. Working in a job that provides 'too few' hours can have serious ramifications for the economic livelihood of workers. Working-class workers are central here. Drawing on analysis of large-scale survey data, the article identifies that workers in lower level occupations experienced the most substantial postrecessionary growth in the proportions working 'too few' hours. Did these work-time changes narrow or widen class inequalities in feelings of financial hardship? The article concludes that although middle-class workers also saw their financial positions damaged, this so-called 'first middle-class recession' did not erode class inequalities in financial hardship among UK workers.

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“…Lewis 1992, Sainsbury 1994, Drew et al 1998; as well as more specific studies of working-time regimes and work-family reconciliation measures (e.g. Anxo and O'Reilly 2002, O'Reilly and Fagan 1998, Rubery et al, 1998, den Dulk et al 2001. However, in this analysis we advance the debate in two ways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%