National Trends of Substance Use Disorder Related Infective Endocarditis From 2002 to 2016: Comparison Between Rural and Urban Areas

Kadri, Amer N.; Lynch, Stephen; Ali, Ahmed; Khodor, Sara; Habhab, Nizam; Werns, Steven W.; Nakhoul, Georges; Gad, Mohamed M.; Hernández, Adrian V.; Griffin, Brian P.; Pettersson, Gösta; Grimm, Richard A.; Navia, José L.; Gordon, Steve; Kapadia, Samir; Harb, Serge C.

doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(20)32783-2

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

2020

DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)32783-2

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National Trends of Substance Use Disorder Related Infective Endocarditis From 2002 to 2016: Comparison Between Rural and Urban Areas

Amer N. Kadri

Stephen Lynch

Ahmed Ali

et al.

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“…With the rise of the opioid epidemic in the United States, IDU has emerged as a public health concern. There has been a corresponding increase in IE‐related hospitalizations among people who inject drugs (PWID), people with opioid use disorder, or people with other substance‐use disorders 2–5 . PWID are at increased risk for IE due to introduction of bacteria to the bloodstream via unsafe injection practices, such as reusing and sharing injection equipment 6 .…”

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Rural‐urban differences in hospitalizations for opioid use‐associated infective endocarditis in Kentucky, 2016‐2019

Siddiqi

Freeman

Fanucchi

et al. 2021

The Journal of Rural Health

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Purpose:In 2016, the US rate of opioid use-associated infective endocarditis (OUA IE) hospitalizations was 3.86/100,000 for rural and 3.49/100,000 for urban residents. This study estimates the Kentucky OUA IE hospitalization rates, 2016-2019, describing differences in rural-urban residency trends, demographics, relevant comorbidities, and discharge disposition. OUA IE hospitalization rates between counties with and without syringe services programs (SSPs) are also compared. Methods: We used Kentucky statewide inpatient discharge records from 2016 to 2019. An OUA IE hospitalization was identified by an infective endocarditis discharge diagnosis in any diagnosis field and a concurrent diagnosis indicating opioid use. Rurality was determined based on the 2013 Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC).Findings: Kentucky's rate of OUA IE hospitalizations in 2016 was 8.9/100,000, with no significant variation between rural and urban residents. By 2019, the average rate for urban residents doubled to 17.9/100,000, significantly higher than the rural resident rate, 13.2/100,000. There were no significant rural-urban differences in percentages of those with concurrent diagnoses of HIV (<1%) or HCV (>60%). Counties that established SSPs in 2017-2018 had a 39.4% increase in OUA IE rates from 2016 to 2019, while counties without SSPs had a 79.5% increase. Conclusion:The estimated 2016 Kentucky rates of OUA IE hospitalizations are 2 times higher than reported national rates, highlighting Kentucky as one of the areas most affected by this particular opioid use disorder complication. Despite challenges and barriers to the effectiveness of SSPs as a harm reduction measure, our study suggests a positive effect that should be further investigated.

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confidence: 99%

Rural‐urban differences in hospitalizations for opioid use‐associated infective endocarditis in Kentucky, 2016‐2019

Siddiqi

Freeman

Fanucchi

et al. 2021

The Journal of Rural Health

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Circulating biomarkers of myocardial remodelling: current developments and clinical applications

López,

Ravassa,

San José

et al. 2024

Heart

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Myocardial remodelling, entailing cellular and molecular changes in the different components of the cardiac tissue in response to damage, underlies the morphological and structural changes leading to cardiac remodelling, which in turn contributes to cardiac dysfunction and disease progression. Since cardiac tissue is not available for histomolecular diagnosis, surrogate markers are needed for evaluating myocardial remodelling as part of the clinical management of patients with cardiac disease. In this setting, circulating biomarkers, a component of the liquid biopsy, provide a promising approach for the fast, affordable and scalable screening of large numbers of patients, allowing the detection of different pathological features related to myocardial remodelling, aiding in risk stratification and therapy monitoring. However, despite the advances in the field and the identification of numerous potential candidates, their implementation in clinical practice beyond natriuretic peptides and troponins is mostly lacking. In this review, we will discuss some biomarkers related to alterations in the main cardiac tissue compartments (cardiomyocytes, extracellular matrix, endothelium and immune cells) which have shown potential for the assessment of cardiovascular risk, cardiac remodelling and therapy effects. The hurdles and challenges for their translation into clinical practice will also be addressed.

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National Trends of Substance Use Disorder Related Infective Endocarditis From 2002 to 2016: Comparison Between Rural and Urban Areas

Cited by 2 publications

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Rural‐urban differences in hospitalizations for opioid use‐associated infective endocarditis in Kentucky, 2016‐2019

Rural‐urban differences in hospitalizations for opioid use‐associated infective endocarditis in Kentucky, 2016‐2019

Circulating biomarkers of myocardial remodelling: current developments and clinical applications

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