National survey of foodborne viruses in Australian oysters at production

Torok, V. A.; Hodgson, Kate R.; McLeod, Catherine; Tan, Jessica; Malhi, Navreet; Turnbull, Alison

doi:10.1016/j.fm.2017.08.014

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In similar studies conducted in neighboring countries, the prevalence of enteric noroviruses was established as follows: 14-15% for NoV [122][123][124] and 34.4% for NoV [125] in Italy, 16% in Slovenia [126], and 10.5% in Albania [127]. Low prevalence of NoV or even absence of contamination in bivalve mollusks has also been reported in countries such as Australia, India, Japan, the Netherlands, and Norway [115,128]. Higher prevalence was reported at the Spanish coast of the Mediterranean Sea [129], and the highest prevalence (76.2%) has been recorded in UK-based harvesting areas [130].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

How Safe to Eat Are Raw Bivalves? Host Pathogenic and Public Health Concern Microbes within Mussels, Oysters, and Clams in Greek Markets

Lattos

Chaligiannis

Papadopoulos

et al. 2021

Foods

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Raw-bivalves consumption is a wide trend in Mediterranean countries. Despite the unambiguous nutritional value of seafood, raw consumption of bivalves may involve risks that could pose a significant threat to consumers’ health. Their filter-feeding behavior is responsible for the potential hosting of a wide variety of microorganisms, either pathogenic for the bivalves or public health threats. Under this prism, the current study was conducted in an effort to evaluate the risk of eating raw bivalves originating from the two biggest seafood markets in Thessaloniki, the largest production area of bivalves in Greece. Both microbiological and molecular methodologies were applied in order to assess the presence of various harmful microbes, including noroviruses, Bonamia, Marteilia, Esherichia coli, Salmonella, and Vibrio. Results indicated the presence of several Vibrio strains in the analyzed samples, of which the halophilic Vibrio harveyi was verified by 16S rRNA sequencing; other than this, no enteropathogenic Vibrio spp. was detected. Furthermore, although Esherichia coli was detected in several samples, it was mostly below the European Union (EU) legislation thresholds. Interestingly, the non-target Photobacterium damselae was also detected, which is associated with both wound infections in human and aquatic animals. Regarding host pathogenic microorganisms, apart from Vibrio harveyi, the protozoan parasite Marteilia refrigens was identified in oysters, highlighting the continuous infection of this bivalve in Greece. In conclusion, bivalves can be generally characterized as a safe-to-eat raw food, hosting more bivalve pathogenic microbes than those of public health concern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

How Safe to Eat Are Raw Bivalves? Host Pathogenic and Public Health Concern Microbes within Mussels, Oysters, and Clams in Greek Markets

Lattos

Chaligiannis

Papadopoulos

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…During the period of time that we conducted our field survey, estimated prevalence of HuNoV in oysters was estimated to be 0.8 ± 0.3%. For perspective, the prevalence of HuNoV in oysters from other regions is reported in the range of <2% in Australia [23], 9% in France [24], 3.9 to 20% in the USA [25,26], 16.9% in China [27], 32.1% in Spain [28], and up to 71.6% in the United Kingdom [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Norovirus Dispersal in an Oyster Growing Region in the Northeast Pacific

Green

Walker

Leduc

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Contamination of Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, by human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major constraint to sustainable shellfish farming in coastal waters of the Northeast Pacific. HuNoV is not a marine virus and must originate from a human source. A barrier to effective management is a paucity of data regarding HuNoV dispersal in the marine environment. The main objective of this study was to identify the spatial distribution and persistence of HuNoV in an active shellfish farming region in the Northeast Pacific. Market-size C. gigas were sequentially deployed for two-week intervals at 12 sites during the 2020 winter risk period from January to April. Detection of HuNoV quantification was performed by reverse transcription real-time PCR (RTqPCR) according to method ISO 15216-1:2017, with modifications. RTqPCR did not detect GI HuNoV. The estimated prevalence of GII HuNoV in oyster digestive tissue was 0.8 ± 0.2%. Spatiotemporal analysis revealed that contamination of oysters with GII HuNoV changed through time and space during the surveillance period. A single cluster of oysters contaminated with GII.2 HuNoV was detected in a small craft harbor on 23 April. There was no significant increase in the proportion of positive pools in the next nearest sampling station, indicating that HuNoV is likely to disperse less than 7 km from this non-point source of contamination. Results from this study indicate that HuNoV contamination of coastal waters from non-point sources, such as small craft harbors and urban settings, can pose a significant localised risk to shellfish farming operations in the region.

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“…These studies have obtained a variable detection rate. For example, Torok et al (36) conducted a national prevalence survey for NoV in a total of 300 oysters harvested in Australia and did not find any positive samples. Low prevalence of NoV in shellfish or even absence of contamination has also been reported in other countries such as Greece, India, Japan, The Netherlands, Norway, and Spain (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, Le Mennec et al (33) detected 65% NoV positivity in oysters from a production area repeatedly implicated in oyster-related gastroenteritis in France. It is hard to compare different studies because there are variables such as the use of distinct processing and detection methods, virus stability, water temperature, and season that differ among studies (36,37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of norovirus contamination in shellfish harvested and commercialized in the Northeast coast of Brazil

Guarines

Mendes

Cordeiro

et al. 2020

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Norovirus (NoV) is the main cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. Although NoV spreads mainly from person to person, it is estimated that a large proportion of NoV outbreaks are caused by foodborne transmission. Bivalve mollusks are one of the most important foods involved in NoV transmission to humans. Little is known about NoV prevalence in shellfish harvested and commercialized in Brazil. The aim of this study was to map, for the first time, the distribution of NoV contamination in oysters and mussels harvested and commercialized in the coast of Pernambuco state, northeast Brazil. A total of 380 mollusks (260 oysters and 120 mussels) were collected between February and August 2017 either directly from harvesting areas or obtained from beach vendors at 17 sites in Pernambuco. Samples were processed and tested for NoV contamination using a SYBR Green real-time PCR assay. All samples were negative for NoV GI or GII contamination, suggesting a low risk of NoV contamination from this food source during the study period. Additional surveys in different areas of the Brazilian coast are warranted to monitor the risk of NoV infection upon seafood consumption.

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National survey of foodborne viruses in Australian oysters at production

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

How Safe to Eat Are Raw Bivalves? Host Pathogenic and Public Health Concern Microbes within Mussels, Oysters, and Clams in Greek Markets

How Safe to Eat Are Raw Bivalves? Host Pathogenic and Public Health Concern Microbes within Mussels, Oysters, and Clams in Greek Markets

Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Norovirus Dispersal in an Oyster Growing Region in the Northeast Pacific

Absence of norovirus contamination in shellfish harvested and commercialized in the Northeast coast of Brazil

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