National proceedings : forest and conservation nursery associations /

Dumroese, R. Kasten; Landis, Thomas D.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.99309

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Increased needle N concentration by additional N fertilization during hardening was observed in Chinese pine as well as other coniferous tree seedlings (Sung et al 1997, Irwin et al 1998, Jonsdottir et al 2013. Chinese pine foliage N concentration (2.0% and 2.2%) resulting from fall fertilization fell into adequate level according to the criteria (≥2.0%) by Daniels & Simpson (1990) but did not indicate luxury consumption based on the definition (>2.5%) by Dumroese (2003). Simultaneously, enhanced stem and root N concentration was found in fall fertilized seedlings of Chinese pine and other Pinus spp.…”

Section: Combined Effects Of Photoperiod Treatment and Fall Fertilizamentioning

confidence: 68%

Combined effects of short-day treatment and fall fertilization on growth, nutrient status, and spring bud break of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings

Pan¹,

Jacobs²,

Li³

2017

iForest

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Although effects of short-day treatment and fall fertilization on seedling development have been studied independently, their combined influences are not well elucidated. We explored growth, nutrient concentration, and spring bud break of Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) seedlings exposed to two photoperiod treatments (short-day consisting of 3 weeks of 18-hr nights in late summer and ambient day length) and three rates of fall N fertilization (0, 12 and 24 mg N per seedling). Seedlings were assessed before fall fertilization and at the end of the growing season. Bud break timing was evaluated the following spring. Increased foliar P concentration concurrent with reduced root P and K concentration occurred in short-day treated seedlings at the conclusion of photoperiod treatment. By the end of the growing season, short-day treatment resulted in greater N and P concentration in the stems, and P concentration in the foliage. It also induced smaller foliage and stem dry mass in both stages. Fall fertilization consistently enhanced tissue N concentration, but interaction effects with short-day treatment were generally non-significant. Short-day treatment curtailed shoot growth, induced terminal bud set, and hastened spring bud break (by only one day) for this mid-latitude seed source (41° N). Thus, short-day treatment or fall fertilization each promoted an increased nutrient concentration, while having only a minor effect on spring bud break.

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Section: Combined Effects Of Photoperiod Treatment and Fall Fertilizamentioning

confidence: 68%

Combined effects of short-day treatment and fall fertilization on growth, nutrient status, and spring bud break of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings

Pan¹,

Jacobs²,

Li³

2017

iForest

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“…The kg/S is a conservative value since it does not include irrigation water applied to non-seedbed areas or irrigated areas that do not have containers. When accounting for inefficiencies, the yearly applications can be 50% to 80% greater than the kg/S ratio (Dumroese et al 1995;Warsaw et al 2009;Robbins 2019). Therefore, a nursery with a 2 kg/S ratio might require 3 million kg of water to grow 1 million seedlings.…”

Section: Water Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water use is affected by species (van den Driessche 1991; Dumroese et al 1995;Hart et al 2020). For example, at a nursery in Georgia, 3.0 kg and 3.2 kg of water were applied to Pinus taeda and Pinus palustris seedlings respectively (personal communication: Mike Coyle).In seedbed density trials in bareroot nurseries, density has a direct effect on the kg/S ratio since irrigation rate remains fixed.…”

Section: Water Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Irrigation in pine nurseries

South

Nadel

2021

REFOR

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This review provides information and opinions about irrigation practices in pine nurseries. Even when nurseries receive more than 15 mm of rainfall week-1, managers irrigate seedbeds to increase germination, increase seed efficiency, and increase root growth. In the southern United States, a 7-month old pine seedling in an outdoor nursery typically receives 2 to 6 kg of water supplied from either sprinklers (39 nurseries) or center-pivot irrigation (12 nurseries). Most nursery managers do not intentionally subject the crop to moisture stress, since most reforestation sites receive adequate rainfall, and many studies show that reducing root mass does not increase seedling performance. In fact, nursery profits can be reduced by more than $13,000 ha-1 when deficit irrigation reduces average seedling diameter by 1 mm. Although some researchers believe that failure to properly drought stress pine seedlings might increase outplanting mortality by up to 75%, research over the past 40 years does not support that myth. When pine seedlings average 5 mm (at the root-collar), water stress is not a reliable method of increasing tolerance to an October freeze event. In several greenhouse trials, researchers grew and tested seedlings that nursery managers would classify as culls (i.e., dry root mass < 0.5 g). Unfortunately, it is common for researchers to make irrigation recommendations without first developing a water-production function curve.

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“…Douglas-fir seedlings with budset and low nitrogen levels were less cold hardy than seedlings with higher nitrogen levels [116]. During hardening, Dumroese [117] recommends avoiding nitrogen fertilization regimes that create a deficit or luxury consumption concentration, keeping nitrogen in an optimum range (1.5% to 2.5%) and applying hardening with other cultural practices. Some nursery managers apply fertilizer solutions high in potassium in hopes of promoting stem lignification [97] and freezing tolerance [118].…”

Section: Cultural Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One issue complicating the identification of a measurable plant attribute is that complete bud development and bud endodormancy are not required in loblolly pine seedlings at time of lifting [49,53,54]; Table 1. The lifting decision of container-grown southern pines is often determined by the ability of the plug to maintain integrity (after extraction from the container) with the storage decision typically based on calendar date [136]. This is because seedlings can sometimes be successfully stored for a month or more without any accumulation of chilling [137]; Table 1; Fig.…”

Section: Loblolly Pinementioning

confidence: 99%

Fall Acclimation and the Lift/Store Pathway: Effect on Reforestation

Grossnickle¹,

South²

2014

TOFSCIJ

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This review compares fall acclimation patterns and lift/store practices for Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss x P. engelmannii Parry ex engelm and Pinus taeda L. seedlings. Spruce seedlings achieve budset and an endodormant state in late summer, coastal Douglas-fir in early fall, while loblolly pine achieves a less endodormant state with a limited amount of mitotic activity. Natural chilling during the fall reduces days to budbreak (DBB) and increases freezing tolerance, with northern species achieving greater freezing tolerance. Although root growth potential (RGP) in some years may increase from early fall to midwinter , this trend does not always occur. Chilling hours and/or freezing tolerance status is used to initiate storage of Douglas-fir and spruce seedlings but there is no proven attribute to make the lifting decision for loblolly pine. When properly hardened, all species can be cooler stored to meet lift/store requirements of a few months, though fall lifted interior spruce seedlings are typically freezer stored for up to six months. Lengthy storage can cause declines in DBB, freezing tolerance, RGP, and carbohydrate reserves. Douglas-fir and interior spruce seedlings require an appropriate length of fall acclimation, typically including chilling, to develop a level of hardiness for lengthy storage and high survival after outplanting. Loblolly pine seedlings benefit from chilling, though non-chilled, hardened seedlings may exhibit high survival after four weeks of cooler storage. Each species has a unique fall acclimation pattern making it difficult to define universal culture practices across all regional forest regeneration programs.

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National proceedings : forest and conservation nursery associations /

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Combined effects of short-day treatment and fall fertilization on growth, nutrient status, and spring bud break of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings

Combined effects of short-day treatment and fall fertilization on growth, nutrient status, and spring bud break of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings

Irrigation in pine nurseries

Fall Acclimation and the Lift/Store Pathway: Effect on Reforestation

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