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A significant proportion of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery receive therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), which are usually prescribed for treatment of arterial hypertension and CHF. Current guidelines fail to provide clear consensus on whether it is worth discontinuing ACEi/ARBs before non-cardiac surgery.The aim of this research was to assess the contribution of pre-op ACEi/ARBs withdrawal to the development of postoperative complications in patients after abdominal surgery using data from STOPRISK database.Materials and methods. Data of 1945 patients from of the STOPRISK database was used for the analysis. Patients were retrospectively divided into two groups: first group (n=471, 24.2%) included patients subjected to ACEi/ARBs withdrawal 24 hours before surgery, second group (n=1474, 75.8%) included patients continuing on ACEi/ARBs therapy. The 30-day outcomes were analyzed – postoperative complications (acute kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, anastomosis failure, arrhythmias, circulatory arrest, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, postoperative delirium, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, ileus, postoperative bleeding, pulmonary embolism, acute cerebrovascular accident, wound infection) and mortality. We were not evaluating intraoperative and postoperative arterial hypotension and hypertension, we analyzed the use of vasopressors as a surrogate marker. ACEi/ARBs re-initiation after surgery was not evaluated.Results. One or more post-operative complications were documented in 113 patients (5.8%). Only postoperative delirium was more common in patients (1.06% vs. 0.27%, p=0.027) after ACEi/ARBs withdrawal 24 hours before surgery, the difference reached statistical significance. Sub-analysis in the group of patients with arterial hypertension as the only comorbidity showed no statistically significant differences in the outcomes. Sub-analysis in the group of patients with CFH showed higher incidence of postoperative delirium after ACEi/ARBs withdrawal (2.68% vs. 0.6%, p=0.023). The logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of developing postoperative delirium is influenced by age, vasopressor support, and ACEi/ARBs withdrawal (the area under the curve for the model was 0.92 (0.90-0.93).Conclusion. Rates of pre-op ACEi/ARBs withdrawal (24.2%) are consistent with published data. In the entire cohort, ACEi/ARBs withdrawal resulted in higher incidence of postoperative delirium, as well as in the subgroup of patients with CHF, while ACEi/ARBs withdrawal in the subgroup of patients with arterial hypertension had no influence on postop complications.ACEi/ARBs withdrawal, along with hemodynamic instability and older age, contributes to the development of postoperative delirium, which is the subject of future research.
A significant proportion of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery receive therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), which are usually prescribed for treatment of arterial hypertension and CHF. Current guidelines fail to provide clear consensus on whether it is worth discontinuing ACEi/ARBs before non-cardiac surgery.The aim of this research was to assess the contribution of pre-op ACEi/ARBs withdrawal to the development of postoperative complications in patients after abdominal surgery using data from STOPRISK database.Materials and methods. Data of 1945 patients from of the STOPRISK database was used for the analysis. Patients were retrospectively divided into two groups: first group (n=471, 24.2%) included patients subjected to ACEi/ARBs withdrawal 24 hours before surgery, second group (n=1474, 75.8%) included patients continuing on ACEi/ARBs therapy. The 30-day outcomes were analyzed – postoperative complications (acute kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, anastomosis failure, arrhythmias, circulatory arrest, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, postoperative delirium, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, ileus, postoperative bleeding, pulmonary embolism, acute cerebrovascular accident, wound infection) and mortality. We were not evaluating intraoperative and postoperative arterial hypotension and hypertension, we analyzed the use of vasopressors as a surrogate marker. ACEi/ARBs re-initiation after surgery was not evaluated.Results. One or more post-operative complications were documented in 113 patients (5.8%). Only postoperative delirium was more common in patients (1.06% vs. 0.27%, p=0.027) after ACEi/ARBs withdrawal 24 hours before surgery, the difference reached statistical significance. Sub-analysis in the group of patients with arterial hypertension as the only comorbidity showed no statistically significant differences in the outcomes. Sub-analysis in the group of patients with CFH showed higher incidence of postoperative delirium after ACEi/ARBs withdrawal (2.68% vs. 0.6%, p=0.023). The logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of developing postoperative delirium is influenced by age, vasopressor support, and ACEi/ARBs withdrawal (the area under the curve for the model was 0.92 (0.90-0.93).Conclusion. Rates of pre-op ACEi/ARBs withdrawal (24.2%) are consistent with published data. In the entire cohort, ACEi/ARBs withdrawal resulted in higher incidence of postoperative delirium, as well as in the subgroup of patients with CHF, while ACEi/ARBs withdrawal in the subgroup of patients with arterial hypertension had no influence on postop complications.ACEi/ARBs withdrawal, along with hemodynamic instability and older age, contributes to the development of postoperative delirium, which is the subject of future research.
HighlightsThe developed prediction model is a simple and accurate method for assessing the postoperative risk of cardiovascular complications in a large population of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Its widespread use will optimize perioperative management tactics and improve surgical results. Aim. To develop a model for predicting cardiovascular risk in patients undergoing abdominal surgery and compare its accuracy with foreign analogs validated on a domestic cohort of patients.Methods. The multicenter prospective study included 8 241 patients over 18 years of age undergoing elective abdominal surgery. The following postoperative complications were assessed: acute myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiac arrest, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, and 30-day mortality. First of all, we compared baseline characteristics of patients with and without complications, and factors, associated with surgery and anesthesia. Next, we performed a logistic regression analysis to assess the contribution of factors to the development of postoperative cardiovascular complications. Following that, we developed a model for predicting postoperative cardiac risk based on the data of multivariate logistic regression analysis. Finally, we compared the obtained model with other prediction models found in the literature.Results. Out of 8241 patients, 53 patients (0.64%) presented with cardiovascular complications (62 cases): cardiac arrest in 39 patients (0.47%), cardiogenic pulmonary edema in 4 patients (0.049%), stroke in 3 patients (0.036%), pulmonary embolism in 9 patients (0.11%), and acute myocardial infarction in 7 patients (0.084%). 36 patients (0.43%) had lethal outcome. Retrospectively, the obtained model assigned 2251 patients to the high-risk group for developing cardiovascular complications, the incidence of cardiovascular complications in the group was 2.1%. The low-risk group consisted of 5 990 patients; the incidence of cardiovascular complications in the group was 0.13%.Conclusion. Eight independent variables associated with postoperative cardiovascular complications were identified: high and moderate surgical trauma, smoking, statin use, Stange test less than 40 seconds, American Society of Anesthesiologists functional class 3, intraoperative need for vasopressors and transfusions. The cardiovascular risk prediction model has good predictive power (AUROC = 0.880).
INTRODUCTION: Risk assessment and identification of a group of patients with a high probability of developing an unfavorable outcome is the basis for effective prevention of postoperative adverse events. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to determine the structure and frequency of co-existing diseases in the preoperative period and associated adverse postoperative outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis of the parameters of 8,241 patients of the STOPRISK database operated on abdominal and pelvic organs for the period from July 1, 2019 to April 30, 2022 was carried out. RESULTS: Co-existing diseases occurred in 4,638 patients (56.3 %), while one disease was observed in 1,872 patients (22.7 %), a combination of two diseases — in 1,383 patients (16.8 %), three diseases — in 814 patients (9.9 %), four diseases — in 395 patients (4.8 %), and more than 4 — in 170 patients (2.0 %). The most common were arterial hypertension — 48.2 %, chronic heart failure (20.7 %), coronary heart disease (19.3 %). The presence of one or more complications was recorded in 285 patients (3.5 %), fatal outcome — in 36 patients (0.43 %). 74.0 % of patients had a single complication, 14.0 % had a combination of two complications, and 12.0 % had a combination of three or more complications. The structure of complications was dominated by paralytic ileus (25.57 %), pneumonia (12.1 %), wound infection (12.1 %). Both mortality and the frequency of complications increased with an increase in the number of co-existing diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The most common co-existing diseases in abdominal surgery are arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus and cardiac arrhythmia. The frequency of postoperative complications was 3.5 %, mortality was 0.43 %; the most frequent complications were paralytic ileus, wound infection and pneumonia.
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