National identity building through patterns of an international third-person perception in news coverage

Abstract

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Between Guilt and Obligation: Debating the Responsibility for Climate Change and Climate Politics in the Media

“…Some researchers have applied social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1986) to explain differences across national media debates (Jones & Sheets, 2009;Müller, 2013Müller, , 2016Olausson, 2010;Rivenburgh, 2000). They propose that in covering national or foreign issues, journalists engage in national identity building by distinguishing their respective countries from foreign countries, and by presenting their own in more favorable ways.…”

“…Some researchers have applied social identity theory as a framework to explain differences across national media debates (Jones & Sheet, 2009;Müller, 2013Müller, , 2016Olausson, 2010;Rivenburgh, 2000). A social psychological theory, it predicts that individuals derive parts of their identities from their belonging to different social groups (Tajfel & Turner, 1986) and maintain their self-esteem by distinguishing their own groups (in-groups) from other groups (out-groups).…”

“…First, when journalists deal with international affairs, their own cultural and national identities become salient and find expression in their news judgments (Jones & Sheets, 2009;Müller, 2016;Rivenburgh, 2000). Second, journalists anticipate the needs of their audience and are sensitive to its "cultural and national identity concerns in deciding how to report the news" (Jones & Sheets, 2009, p. 279; see also Müller, 2013;Rivenburgh, 2000). As a result, one might expect patterns of national news coverage that favor countries' in-groups and derogate countries' out-groups.…”

“…Studies have confirmed such patterns. For example, in a comparative analysis of German and U.S. news coverage of national elections in both countries, both the German and the U.S. media portrayed their respective national electorates as less susceptible to media influences than the foreign electorate-suggesting the domestic electorate was more resistant to negative media effects than the foreign electorate (Müller, 2013). Jones & Sheefer (2009) analyzed newspaper coverage of the Abu Ghraib prison scandal in seven countries, showing that the U.S. newspapers made judgments that protected national self-esteem-e.g., by avoiding the word "torture".…”

International Media and Tourism Industry as the Facilitators of Socialist Legacy Heritagization in the CEE Region

“…Furthermore, the later expansion of interactive media, such as E-tourism and the Internet, not only redefined the entire process of developing, managing, and marketing tourism products and destinations, but also opened endless possibilities for transformation and promotion of values associated with cultural heritage. A technology-empowered marketing approach also holds enormous potential for the process of creating and communicating new and more purposeful heritages [22]. The rapid development of information and communication technologies that have supported the rise of the tourism industry has thus not only initiated its comprehensive transformations [23], but also seriously affected the way the society perceive and evaluate heritage.…”