National cross sectional study of views on sexual violence and risk of HIV infection and AIDS among South African school pupils

Andersson, Neil; Ho-Foster, Ari; Matthis, Judith; Marokoane, Nobantu; Mashiane, Vincent; Mhatre, Sharmila; Mitchell, Steven; Mokoena, T.; Monasta, Lorenzo; Ngxowa, Ncumisa; Salcedo, Manuel Pascual; Sonnekus, Heidi

doi:10.1136/bmj.38226.617454.7c

Cited by 52 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Nonetheless, one can say that these associations are consistent with previously published evidence on the negative mental health outcomes of child sexual abuse. It also fits with our earlier national study in South Africa (Andersson et al, 2004) and other studies (Cohen et al, 2000;Koenig et al, 2004;Sikkema et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Risk-taking, revictimisation and perpetration of sexual violence in ten southern African countries

Andersson

2013

Int. psychiatry

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This paper reports the results of a cross-sectional survey of 11- to 16-year-old school-going youths in ten southern African countries. The survey instrument recorded both the experience of coerced sex and the perpetration of forced sex. There were prominent school and community risk factors for increased risk-taking behaviours, revictimisation and the perpetration of sexual violence. This supports the idea that the local culture can reinforce the antisocial consequences of sexual abuse of boys and girls. There was a suggestion that the school environment can compound the effects of child sexual abuse in terms of conscious knowledge, high-risk behaviour, the risk of revictimisation and disdain for the safety of others.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Risk-taking, revictimisation and perpetration of sexual violence in ten southern African countries

Andersson

2013

Int. psychiatry

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“…Women's vulnerability in the HIV epidemic in most developing countries is determined by their social, political, and economic subordination as well as poverty-driven sex work as a key survival mechanism [12][13][14][15]. In addition, sexual violence including rape is being recognised as a primary determinant of women's vulnerability to HIV/AIDS in many parts of SSA [16][17][18][19]. It appears the violence against women, particularly women considered already deviant, dirty or diseased such as CSWs, can be culturally and structurally legitimised and/or it can be a form of 'displaced aggression' whereby factors such as social dislocation, poverty and unemployment can lead to a sense of emasculinization, that is, the loss of what it means to be a man [12].…”

Section: Women At Risk and Commercial Sex Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Sex Work, Survival Sex, Sexual Violence and HIV/AIDS Prevention in Arumeru District, Arusha Region Of Tanzania

Renzaho

Pallotta‐Chiarolli

2009

TOTMJ

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Abstract:Objective: To examine the knowledge and practices about HIV/AIDS among female Tanzanian commercial sex workers (CSWs) and assess the contextual dynamics that prevent safer sexual behaviours. Method:The study used mixed methods and was implemented in two phases. Phase one assessed the knowledge and practices about HIV/AIDS among CSWs. Data were obtained with 54 CSWs, who were selected by using a snowball sampling approach. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with the CSWs were undertaken to allow the research participants to describe and discuss their lived realities as they perceive and experience them. In phase two, three discrete focus group discussions, each comprising 6-10 women, were carried out with 26 of the 54 CSWs who were interviewed in phase one. Results:There was exploitation and inequity in the women's lives due to the multiple and overlapping oppressions of poverty and patriarchy. Sexual violence was framed, legitimised and reinforced by structural and cultural inequities. Such exploitation impacted not only on CSWs' lives as sex workers, but on their previous and/or simultaneous lives as mothers, wives, girlfriends and daughters. The women practised 'survival sex' as CSWs and/or sexual partners of men, and experienced sexual violence from their clients/partners. This violence was either culturally legitimised within a patriarchal framework or manifested itself as 'displaced aggressive sex' by men experiencing marginalisation in socio-economic spheres. Conclusion:Government health policies and criminal laws regarding sex work, violence against sex workers and domestic/sexual violence against all women need to be critiqued and consistently implemented. Addressing the 'survival sex' of women in Tanzania cannot occur without addressing what the authors call the 'displaced aggressive sex' of men.

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“…7; 9 -14 One study found evidence of sexual abuse victimization associated with later forcing someone else to have sex. 15 A negative sexual experience can also result in a host of negative psychological outcomes including sexual dysphoria, anxiety, eating disorders, substance abuse, depression and even suicide or attempted suicide. 16 A study in a township in Cape Town, South Africa found that women who had experienced coercion were significantly more likely to exchange sex for material needs, have multiple sex partners, engage in high rates of unprotected vaginal intercourse, and have more sexually transmitted infections (STIs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coerced First Sex among Adolescent Girls in Sub-Saharan Africa: Prevalence and Context

Moore¹,

Awusabo–Asare²,

Madise³

et al. 2007

African Journal of Reproductive Health

120

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Coercive experiences at sexual debut have been shown to be associated with other sexual risks throughout the life course. Using nationally representative surveys from 12-19 year old girls in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, and Uganda collected in 2004, we examine the prevalence of sexual coercion at sexual debut among unmarried girls and its correlates. In Malawi, 38 percent of girls said that they were "not willing at all" at their first sexual experience followed by Ghana at 30 percent, Uganda at 23 percent and Burkina Faso at 15 percent. In-depth interviews collected in 2003 with the same demographic shows that there are four primary types of sexual coercion: forced sex; pressure through money or gifts; flattery, pestering, and threatening to have sex with other girls; and passive acceptance. The article concludes with the research and policy implications of these findings.

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National cross sectional study of views on sexual violence and risk of HIV infection and AIDS among South African school pupils

Abstract: Objective To investigate the views of school pupils on sexual violence and on the risk of HIV infection and AIDS and their experiences of sexual violence.

Cited by 52 publications

References 16 publications

Risk-taking, revictimisation and perpetration of sexual violence in ten southern African countries

Risk-taking, revictimisation and perpetration of sexual violence in ten southern African countries

Commercial Sex Work, Survival Sex, Sexual Violence and HIV/AIDS Prevention in Arumeru District, Arusha Region Of Tanzania

Coerced First Sex among Adolescent Girls in Sub-Saharan Africa: Prevalence and Context

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