National Case Management Standards in Australia &amp;mdash; purpose, process and potential impact

Cooper, Bradley; Roberts, Deborah

doi:10.1071/ah060012

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Case management has been employed as a key approach to co‐ordinating services and improving care quality in various community care settings, such as disability care, mental health and aged care (Moore , Cooper & Roberts ). In Australia, there are three publicly funded case‐managed community aged care packages/programmes [Community Aged Care Package (CACP), Extended Aged Care at Home (EACH) and Extended Aged Care at Home Dementia (EACHD)] that provide different levels of services (comparative to low to high residential care) to community‐dwelling frail older people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the role of a case manager in community aged care? A qualitative study in Australia

You

Dunt

Doyle

2015

Health Soc Care Community

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This study aimed to explore the perceptions of case managers about their roles in providing community aged care in Australia. Purposeful sampling was used and 33 qualitative semi-structured interviews with 47 participants were conducted. Participants were drawn from a list of all case managers working in aged care organisations that provided publicly funded case-managed community aged care programmes in the State of Victoria, Australia. Participant selection criteria included age, gender, job titles, professional backgrounds, practice locations, organisational attributes and organisational size. Data collection was implemented between September 2012 and March 2013. Thematic analysis was performed. Participants believed that case managers performed diverse roles based on clients' needs. They also articulated 16 important roles of case managers, including advisors, advocates, carers, communicators, co-ordinators, educators, empowering clients, engaging clients and families, liaising with people, managing budgets, navigators, negotiators, networking with people, facilitators, problem solvers and supporters. However, they were concerned about brokers, mediators and counsellors in terms of the terminology or case managers' willingness to perform these roles. Moreover, they perceived that neither gatekeepers nor direct service provision was case managers' role. The findings of this study suggest that case managers working in community aged care sectors may be more effective if they practised the 16 roles aforementioned. With the value of helping rather than obstructing clients to access services, they may not act as gatekeepers. In addition, they may not provide services directly as opposed to their peers working in medical care settings. The findings will also assist organisations to design job descriptions specifying case managers' roles and associated job responsibilities. Clear job descriptions will further benefit the organisations in staff recruitment, orientation and ongoing development, as well as facilitate case managers to set professional boundaries in the delivery of case management interventions to their clients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the role of a case manager in community aged care? A qualitative study in Australia

You

Dunt

Doyle

2015

Health Soc Care Community

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“…Case management is also described as a type of care delivery that has a long history of being applied in various settings, such as aged care, disability care, mental health and health care [2]. It first emerged in nursing practice in the 1800s and then was applied in social work practice in 1863 in the U.S. [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of case management in community aged care on client and carer outcomes: a systematic review of randomized trials and comparative observational studies

You

Dunt

Doyle

et al. 2012

BMC Health Serv Res

103

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BackgroundCase management has been applied in community aged care to meet frail older people’s holistic needs and promote cost-effectiveness. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of case management in community aged care on client and carer outcomes.MethodsWe searched Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, CINAHL (EBSCO) and PsycINFO (CSA) from inception to 2011 July. Inclusion criteria were: no restriction on date, English language, community-dwelling older people and/or carers, case management in community aged care, published in refereed journals, randomized control trials (RCTs) or comparative observational studies, examining client or carer outcomes. Quality of studies was assessed by using such indicators as quality control, randomization, comparability, follow-up rate, dropout, blinding assessors, and intention-to-treat analysis. Two reviewers independently screened potentially relevant studies, extracted information and assessed study quality. A narrative summary of findings were presented.ResultsTen RCTs and five comparative observational studies were identified. One RCT was rated high quality. Client outcomes included mortality (7 studies), physical or cognitive functioning (6 studies), medical conditions (2 studies), behavioral problems (2 studies) , unmet service needs (3 studies), psychological health or well-being (7 studies) , and satisfaction with care (4 studies), while carer outcomes included stress or burden (6 studies), satisfaction with care (2 studies), psychological health or well-being (5 studies), and social consequences (such as social support and relationships with clients) (2 studies). Five of the seven studies reported that case management in community aged care interventions significantly improved psychological health or well-being in the intervention group, while all the three studies consistently reported fewer unmet service needs among the intervention participants. In contrast, available studies reported mixed results regarding client physical or cognitive functioning and carer stress or burden. There was also limited evidence indicating significant effects of the interventions on the other client and carer outcomes as described above.ConclusionsAvailable evidence showed that case management in community aged care can improve client psychological health or well-being and unmet service needs. Future studies should investigate what specific components of case management are crucial in improving clients and their carers’ outcomes.

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“…The Case Management Society of America (2002) expands on Diwan et al (2001) work by adding the need to 'promote quality cost-effective outcomes' in defining case management (p. 5). More recently, case management has also been identified as having a responsibility to facilitate service system improvement (Cooper & Yarmo Roberts 2006). The recognition of these core activities necessitates careful construction of caseloads, the case manager:client ratio.…”

Section: Case Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Packaged care options for older people to age within their own homes have proliferated in countries, such as Australia, the UK and the USA. With limited regulation surrounding who can provide case management and with what intensity, the community care sector has responded to this laissez‐faire environment with innovation, including the recent development of practice standards for case management (Cooper & Yarmo Roberts 2006). The emphasis must now move towards structures that are known to deliver the desired policy and programme outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining caseloads in the community care of frail older people with chronic illnesses

Williams¹,

Cooper²

2008

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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The ageing population is a vulnerable group, and is entitled to live out their lives in the comfort and familiarity of their own homes where possible. Coordinated and supportive healthcare organizations and health system policies are critical to support empirically tested caseload indexes. These findings have implications for quality of care, planning and workforce policy development for our increasingly aged society. Recommendations for further research conclude this paper.

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National Case Management Standards in Australia — purpose, process and potential impact

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

What is the role of a case manager in community aged care? A qualitative study in Australia

What is the role of a case manager in community aged care? A qualitative study in Australia

Effects of case management in community aged care on client and carer outcomes: a systematic review of randomized trials and comparative observational studies

Determining caseloads in the community care of frail older people with chronic illnesses

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