National Burden of Invasive Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusInfections, United States, 2011

Abstract

Estimating the US burden of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections is important for planning and tracking success of prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE To describe updated national estimates and characteristics of health care-and community-associated invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in 2011. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Active laboratory-based case finding identified MRSA cultures in 9 US metropolitan areas from 2005 through 2011. Invasive infections (MRSA cultured from normally sterile body sites) were classified as health care-associated community-onset (HACO) infections (cultured Յ3 days after admission and/or prior year dialysis, hospitalization, surgery, long-term care residence, or central vascular catheter presence Յ2 days before culture); hospital-onset infections (cultured >3 days after admission); or community-associated infections if no other criteria were met. National estimates were adjusted using US census and US Renal Data System data. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES National estimates of invasive HACO, hospital-onset, and community-associated MRSA infections using US census and US Renal Data System data as the denominator. RESULTS An estimated 80 461 (95% CI, 69 515-93 914) invasive MRSA infections occurred nationally in 2011. Of these, 48 353 (95% CI, 40 195-58 642) were HACO infections; 14 156 (95% CI, 10 096-20 440) were hospital-onset infections; and 16 560 (95% CI, 12 806-21 811) were community-associated infections. Since 2005, adjusted national estimated incidence rates decreased among HACO infections by 27.7% and hospital-onset infections decreased by 54.2%; community-associated infections decreased by only 5.0%. Among recently hospitalized community-onset (nondialysis) infections, 64% occurred 3 months or less after discharge, and 32% of these were admitted from long-term care facilities. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE An estimated 30 800 fewer invasive MRSA infections occurred in the United States in 2011 compared with 2005; in 2011 fewer infections occurred among patients during hospitalization than among persons in the community without recent health care exposures. Effective strategies for preventing infections outside acute care settings will have the greatest impact on further reducing invasive MRSA infections nationally.

Infection Prevention and Control Guideline for Cystic Fibrosis: 2013 Update

“…The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the 2009 influenza A H1N1 pandemic expanded our understanding of droplet transmission of infectious agents. 6,14,15 While the incidence of healthcareand community-associated infections caused by methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been decreasing in adults in the United States in recent years, 16 a similar trend has not been observed among children. 17 Additionally, multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens continue to emerge and are increasing in healthcare settings, 18 which has heightened the awareness of healthcare personnel and the public of the importance of preventing patient-to-patient transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs).…”

Low Yield of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Screening in Hemodialysis Patients: 10 Years’ Experience

“…Other studies have found that a substantial proportion of patients who develop MRSA infection following colonization develop pneumonia, wound infections, and others. 8,14 Patients may still have presented to an outside hospital with MRSA infection, however.…”

A Review of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and the Emergence of Drug-Resistant Problem

“…In 2011, approximately 80461 cases of MRSA infections occurred and caused over 11000 deaths in the USA [54]. MRSA also exists in Iran, and the prevalence is in the middle of Australia (lower) and the United States (higher) [55] [56].…”