Nation Building in Kurdistan

Ihsan, Mohammed

doi:10.4324/9781315597393

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In the 1970s and 1980s, Ba'athist factions launched a campaign of Arabization and repression against the Kurdish population, which included targeting Kurdish schools and teachers. The government continued to view education as a political tool and targeted Kurdish schools to repress the Kurdish identity and culture [19]. When they came to power in Iraq, the Ba'athist government attempted to Arabize the Kurdish population by imposing Arabic as the sole language of instruction.…”

Section: Kurdish Education In Iraqmentioning

confidence: 99%

Political Context and Faculty Attitudes Towards High Maintenance Students in Kurdistan, Iraq

Burke

2024

IJECS

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This research explores the resilience and stress levels of university students in Kurdistan, Iraq. Focusing on the educational impact within this context, the study examines the relationship between student stress and faculty engagement. Employing both Pearson correlation analysis and two-way ANOVA, the investigation provides insights into how faculty availability correlates with student stress in a politically tense environment. Key findings indicate concerns for what is known as the Pygmalion effect and underscore the need for support services that address the unique socio-political challenges. Thus, an impetus for an examination of student engagement practices, emphasizing the importance of faculty interaction in crisis-affected zones. The exegesis underscores the role of institutional support, urging educational authorities to enhance faculty management tailored to the multicultural and politically sensitive context of international education. From which, it advocates for empathy and a broader understanding of how postcolonial and post-dictatorial dynamics affect higher education. Conclusively, this article calls for ongoing research into the dynamic between political tension, student well-being, and academic success, suggesting that addressing these interconnected facets is essential for fostering an effective learning environment. It posits that understanding and improving the faculty-student engagement within can significantly enhance academic outcomes.

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Section: Kurdish Education In Iraqmentioning

confidence: 99%

Political Context and Faculty Attitudes Towards High Maintenance Students in Kurdistan, Iraq

Burke

2024

IJECS

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“…39 For instance, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, the national court system as well as the Gacaca courts were put in place with the latter seeking to distribute justice, foster reconciliation at the grassroots level and to prevent further division. 40 Ihsan 41 suggests that in the case of Anfal, the international recognition of genocide would mean officially recognizing the link between chemical weapons and genocide. He suggests that political calculations have actually deprived the victims of Anfal of compensation and restorative justice, and that the absence of a Yugoslav-or Rwandan-style international tribunal has meant Iraqi society has not been able to heal its divides.…”

Section: Legitimization Of Rule and Remembering In The Context Of Natmentioning

confidence: 99%

The politics of genocide recognition: Kurdish nation-building and commemoration in the post-Saddam era

Başer

Toivanen

2017

Journal of Genocide Research

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This article explores the genocide recognition politics (GRP) with a specific focus on Saddam Hussein's Anfal Campaigns (1986-1989) against the Kurdish population in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). In the context of a pending referendum on independence in the KRI, this study investigates the evolution of GRP in relation to secession, nation-building and commemoration as well as the social, political and economic drivers in the process. In addition, the study zeroes in on the internationalization of genocide recognition claims via diaspora lobbying and the KRG's bureaux of representation in Europe. The results are based on extensive fieldwork conducted with KRG representatives, diaspora entrepreneurs and other stakeholders between 2012 and 2016 in Europe and Iraqi Kurdistan. The KRG's genocide recognition claims are not explicitly associated with secession, but instead are employed to legitimize local rule by referencing collective trauma and shared victimhood. In this way, Anfal-as the 'chosen trauma'-has become a component of (local) nation-building mechanisms. Nevertheless, recognition claims can become instrumentalized for succession so long as the political circumstances in the region become favourable to Kurdish independence. In the diaspora context, the GRP serve to 2 establish a link to homeland through commemoration practices, but they also provide greater space for lobbying and transnational advocacy networking.

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“…"After doing the kick, the body movements followed the soccer movement and landed with a flat" [1]. While Service above, the Tekong body attitude is basically the same as the bottom service, only the legs that will be used to kick the ball are crossed farther behind the support leg, "so that it has sufficient distance to do fast and good movements" [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The toe is facing forward to do service. "In tekong service, it uses the back of the foot, basically the same as the service movement using the inner leg" [2], only the difference is when the ball is applied to the foot. It can be understood, that service using the back of the foot has a very important role in doing service.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Difference in the Effectiveness of the Service Over the Foot and Instep in Part Against the Capabilities of the Service Olobangau Sepak Takraw Athletes Padang Pariaman

Ramadhon¹

2020

Proceedings of the 1st Progress in Social Science, Humanities and Education Research Symposium (PSSHERS 2019)

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This article was written to see the difference between the upper part of the foot in the service and the instep against the capabilities of the service Olobangau sepak takraw Athletes Padang Pariaman. The type of research that is Expost Facto. The population was all over Padang Pariaman Olobangau Athletes who are registered and active following exercise. Samples taken with Purposive Sampling technique, thus the number of samples that is 20 people was divided into two groups. The data were analyzed using t-test analysis. From the results of the analysis, it shows that the ability of the service over the foot (mean=32) was better than the inner part of the foot (mean=28.4). In addition, the t-test result shows that tvalue = 1.7341 > 1.95. Thus, it can be concluded that the service over the foot was better than the service using instep.

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Nation Building in Kurdistan

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Political Context and Faculty Attitudes Towards High Maintenance Students in Kurdistan, Iraq

Political Context and Faculty Attitudes Towards High Maintenance Students in Kurdistan, Iraq

The politics of genocide recognition: Kurdish nation-building and commemoration in the post-Saddam era

The Difference in the Effectiveness of the Service Over the Foot and Instep in Part Against the Capabilities of the Service Olobangau Sepak Takraw Athletes Padang Pariaman

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