Natalizumab (Tysabri)

Selewski, D.T.; Shah, Gaurang; Segal, Benjamin M.; Rajdev, P.A.; Mukherji, S.K.

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a2226

Cited by 55 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The reduction in λ ⊥ may be indicative of remyelination. Natalizumab is an anti-inflammatory drug that prevents leukocyte adhesion to the capillary endothelial cells and, as a result, reduces leukocytes entering the CNS [57]. Natalizumab therapy has been shown to reduce conversion of gadolinium-enhancing lesions into T1 black holes, which are indicative of severe tissue damage comprising axonal loss, axonal swelling and demyelination [58].…”

Section: Cns Demyelination: Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion tensor MRI as a biomarker in axonal and myelin damage

Aung

Mar

Benzinger

2013

Imaging in Medicine

276

213

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Diffusion tensor imaging has been used extensively as a research tool to understand the structural changes associated with white matter pathology. Using water diffusion as the basis to construct anatomic details, diffusion tensor imaging offers the potential to identify structural and functional adaptations before gross anatomical changes, such as lesions and tumors, become apparent on conventional MRI. Over the past 10 years, further parameters, such as axial and radial diffusivity, have been developed to characterize white matter changes specific to axons and myelin. In this paper, the potential application and outstanding issues on the use of diffusion tensor imaging directional diffusivity as a biomarker in axonal and myelin damage in neurological disorders will be reviewed. Keywordsacute and chronic CNS disorders; acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; Alzheimer's disease; axial diffusivity; axonal injury; diffusion tensor imaging; leukodystrophy; MRI; multiple sclerosis; myelin damage; radial diffusivity Principles of diffusion tensor imagingDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a noninvasive, quantitative MRI technique that measures the rate and direction of movement of water molecules within tissues. In the CNS, axonal

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Section: Cns Demyelination: Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion tensor MRI as a biomarker in axonal and myelin damage

Aung

Mar

Benzinger

2013

Imaging in Medicine

276

213

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“…In particular, it binds to alpha-4-beta-1 integrin, blocking the interaction with its analog receptor, the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Disruption of these molecular interactions prevents mononuclear leukocyte migration across the endothelium into the inflamed parenchymal tissue (Selewski et al, 2010). In a recent study analyzing plasma PEVs, LEVs, and MEVs, our group found higher counts of all three EV subtypes in IFN-beta and natalizumab-treated than untreated patients (Sáenz-Cuesta et al, 2014).…”

Section: Are Evs Reliable Biomarkers In Ms?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Sclerosis: What are They Telling Us?

Sáenz-Cuesta

Osorio-Querejeta

Otaegui

2014

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound particles secreted by almost all cell types. They are classified depending on their biogenesis and size into exosomes and microvesicles or according to their cell origin. EVs play a role in cell-to-cell communication, including contact-free cell synapsis, carrying active membrane proteins, lipids, and genetic material both inside the particle and on their surface. They have been related to several physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, increasing concentrations of EVs have been found in many autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease characterized by relapsing of symptoms followed by periods of remission. Close interaction between endothelial cells, leukocytes, monocytes, and cells from CNS is crucial for the development of MS. This review summarizes the pathological role of EVs in MS and the relationship of EVs with clinical characteristics, therapy, and biomarkers of the disease.

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“…Although it has been shown to inhibit T cell activation and promote anti‐inflammatory responses, this treatment is associated with severe flu‐like symptoms, which can lead to suboptimal patient compliance . Another protein based therapy, Natalizumab (Tysabri) is an antibody that diminishes the inflammatory responses and suppresses the demyelination process . Natalizumab binds to α4‐integrin on leukocytes, which blocks their interaction with endothelial cells via vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), and inhibits their migration across the blood–brain barrier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐Delivery of Disease Associated Peptide and Rapamycin via Acetalated Dextran Microparticles for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2017

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. While 2.5 million people are affected by MS worldwide, there is no cure other than ameliorating the symptoms through broad immune suppression, which leads to side effects, including increased risks of infection and cancer development. Therefore, tolerance induction specific to disease-associated antigens serves as a promising alternative as it inhibits disease progression without sacrificing immune competence. In this study, the authors show the efficacy of acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX) microparticles (MPs) as a potential MS treatment. Ace-DEX MPs encapsulating ovalbumin (OVA) and the immunosuppressant rapamycin (Rapa) substantially inhibits the inflammation in OVA-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. When tested as a therapeutic treatment for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the

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Natalizumab (Tysabri)

Cited by 55 publications

References 17 publications

Diffusion tensor MRI as a biomarker in axonal and myelin damage

Diffusion tensor MRI as a biomarker in axonal and myelin damage

Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Sclerosis: What are They Telling Us?

Co‐Delivery of Disease Associated Peptide and Rapamycin via Acetalated Dextran Microparticles for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis

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