Nasopharyngeal Colonization during the First Year of Life

Prevalence of carriage of antimicrobial resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae in primary school children in Hong Kong

“…The effect of socioeconomic factors in the current study may be masked, as the carriage rate was low overall and, although overcrowding has decreased, there is still a high density of people in most housing units in Hong Kong. The low rate of carriage reported here is in contrast to the situation elsewhere, where high rates of carriage have been associated with small size of housing units [33].…”

“…Socio-economic factors and poor housing conditions have been shown to be associated with higher rates of carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae [27,33], but there were no significant associations with any housing type although rates did appear higher in temporary housing. It is possible that the lower level of resistant strains in children living in temporary housing reflects lower use of antibiotics.…”

Lower respiratory tract infection

“…Upper respiratory tract colonization with B. catarrhalis is common throughout infancy (9,58,112,170,171). Several authors have demonstrated a strong seasonal variation, with higher rates of colonization in winter months (20,42,138,171).…”

Resistencia de bacterias respiratorias y entéricas a antibióticos

“…16 Las cepas que colonizan la nasofaringe difícilmente son erradicadas por la acción del tratamiento antimicrobiano. Según diversos estudios, la frecuencia de portadores asintomáticos es de alrededor de 30%, [17][18][19] y en los aislamientos, los H. influenzae no tipificables han sido predominantes; también se ha podido encontrar H. influenzae tipo b, con una frecuencia menor a 10%. En forma tradicional se ha considerado que la ampicilina y el cloranfenicol son los fámacos de elección para el manejo de las infecciones causadas por este microrganismo.…”