Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains and antimicrobial susceptibility carried by hospitalized pneumonia patients and healthy children under-five years olds in Padang, Indonesia

Abstract

Background. Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the pathogenic bacteria causing invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) such as pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis and others, which is commonly reported in children and adult. Streptococcus pneumoniae commonly causes pneumonia in children. However, there is lack of report about the Streptococcus pneumoniae as causative agent of pneumonia in children. Therefore, this study is conducted to describe the serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of S. pneumoniae among children with pneumonia and healthy children. Material and Methods. We investigated nasopharyngeal carriage rates and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains and antimicrobial susceptibility carried by hospitalized patients with pneumonia symptom and healthy children under five years olds in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Results and Discussion. Out of 131 children, S. pneumoniae strains were carried by 53% and 9,2% of healthy children (35/66) and hospitalized patients (6/65), respectively. Serotype 19F was the most common serotype among the isolated strains (21%) followed by 6C (10%), 14, 34 (7% each), and 1, 23F, 6A, 6B (5% each). Moreover, 55% of the strains (23/42) could be covered by the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Most of isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (100%), chloramphenicol (93%), clindamycin (76%), erythromycin (71%), and tetracycline (69%). Conclusion. Serotype 19F was commonly found as multi-drug resistant.

Molecular Mimicry Mapping in Streptococcus pneumoniae: Cues for Autoimmune Disorders and Implications for Immune Defense Activation

“…The bacterium inhabits the nasopharynx and can be spread through respiratory droplets or by direct contact with infected individuals [4]. It commonly infects young children and the elderly, causing morbidity, and even mortality [5]. It has several virulence factors, including pneumolysin, which can cause damage to host cells and contribute to inflammation and tissue damage [6].…”