Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an evolving paradigm

Wong, Kenneth C.W.; Hui, Edwin P.; Lo, Kwok‐Wai; Lam, W.K. Jacky; Johnson, David; Li, Li Li; Tao, Qian; Chan, K C Allen; To, Ka‐Fai; King, Ann D.; B.Y., Brigette; Chan, Anthony T.C.

doi:10.1038/s41571-021-00524-x

Cited by 281 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 252 publications

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“…Among all types of cancers, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is endemic to southeast Asia, north Africa, and southern China. According to GLOBOCAN estimates, the age-standardized rate of NPC is 4–25 cases per 100,000 individuals in these regions ( 4 , 5 ). The tumorigenesis and progression of NPC are closely related to genetic factors, environmental effects, and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection ( 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative Pan-Cancer Analysis of KIF15 Reveals Its Diagnosis and Prognosis Value in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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BackgroundKIF15 plays a vital role in many biological processes and has been reported to influence the occurrence and development of certain human cancers. However, there are few systematic evaluations on the role of KIF15 in human cancers, and the role of KIF15 in the diagnosis and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) also remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a pan-cancer analysis of KIF15 and evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic potential in NPC.MethodsThe expression pattern, prognostic value, molecular function, tumor mutation burden, microsatellite instability, and immune cell infiltration of KIF15 were examined based on public databases. Next, the diagnostic value of KIF15 in NPC was analyzed using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Kaplan–Meier curves, Cox regression analyses, and nomograms were used to evaluate the effects of KIF15 expression on NPC prognosis. Finally, the effect of KIF15 on NPC was explored by in vitro experiments.ResultsThe expression of KIF15 was significantly upregulated in 20 out of 33 cancer types compared to adjacent normal tissue. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment (KEGG) analysis showed that KIF15 could participate in several cancer-related pathways. The increased expression level of KIF15 was correlated with worse clinical outcomes in many types of human cancers. Additionally, KIF15 expression was related to cancer infiltration of immune cells, tumor mutation burden, and microsatellite instability. In the analysis of NPC, KIF15 was significantly upregulated based on the GEO database and immunohistochemistry. A high expression of KIF15 was negatively associated with the prognosis of patients with NPC. A nomogram model integrating clinical characteristics and KIF15 expression was established, and it showed good predictive ability with an area under the curve value of 0.73. KIF15 knockdown significantly inhibited NPC cell proliferation and migration.ConclusionsOur findings revealed the important and functional role of KIF15 as an oncogene in pan-cancer. Moreover, high expression of KIF15 was found in NPC tissues, and was correlated with poor prognosis in NPC. KIF15 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in NPC treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative Pan-Cancer Analysis of KIF15 Reveals Its Diagnosis and Prognosis Value in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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“…Despite great progress in radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy for NPC, the e cacy of locally advanced NPC remains suboptimal [26]. At present, efforts have been made to identify biomarkers that can diagnose the risk of NPC patients or novel targeted therapy that can improve the prognosis of patients [25]. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the mechanics of NPC progression in depth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NPC is a high incidence of malignant squamous cell carcinoma in southern China, southeast Asia and north Africa, threatening the health of many people [25]. Despite great progress in radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy for NPC, the e cacy of locally advanced NPC remains suboptimal [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RPS15A promotes the proliferation and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Bian

Niu

2022

Preprint

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Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial squamous cell carcinoma arising from the nasopharyngeal mucosal lining. Ribosomal protein S15a (RPS15A) plays vital role in protein translation and was recently reported to be an oncogene in numerous tumor types. However, its biological role in NPC is remain largely unclear.Methods: In this study, we explored the expression of RPS15A in NPC tissues by immunofluorescence histochemical staining (IHC) staining of human tissue microarray. The C666-1 and CNE-2Z NPC cell lines with RPS15A depletion were used to investigate the effects of RPS15A on NPC cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. In vivo tumor growth of NPC cells was observed by subcutaneous xenograft mice model. The potential mechanism was explored by Human Apoptosis Antibody Array analysis and WB experiments. Results: RPS15A was significantly up-regulated in NPC and RPS15A knockdown remarkably suppressed NPC cells proliferation, migration and induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, RPS15A silencing also impaired tumor growth of xenograft mice. Further Human Apoptosis Antibody Array analysis indicated that depletion of RPS15A could promote several apoptosis-related proteins expression, and results of WB experiments confirmed the inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway. Conclusion: RPS15A knockdown suppressed proliferation, migration and increased apoptosis of NCP cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. RPS15A may serve as a promising therapeutic target for NPC patients.

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“…Unfortunately, it is quite unclear under which circumstances EBV establishes growth-transforming latent infection in epithelial cells, because this cannot yet be modeled in vitro and the only non-malignant EBV infection in the oropharyngeal epithelium, termed hairy leukoplakia, is caused by lytic EBV infection (88). However, it is assumed that premalignant genetic lesions that are introduced into the respective epithelial cells by carcinogenic substances in the diet and/or possible chronic inflammation in the oropharyngeal cavity or stomach provide fertile grounds for epithelial cell transformation by EBV, resulting in latency II NPC or latency I GC (89). One such coinfection that promotes premalignant genetic lesion development in the gastric epithelium could be Helicobacter pylori infection whose coinfection with EBV has been reported in GC patients (90,91).…”

Section: Other Infections and Ebvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of EBV-Associated Pathologies and Immune Control by Coinfections

Münz

2021

Front. Oncol.

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The oncogenic Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) persistently infects more than 95% of the human adult population. Even so it can readily transform human B cells after infection in vitro, it only rarely causes tumors in patients. A substantial proportion of the 1% of all human cancers that are associated with EBV occurs during coinfections, including those with the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the also oncogenic and closely EBV-related Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). In this review, I will discuss how these infections interact with EBV, modify its immune control, and shape its tumorigenesis. The underlying mechanisms reveal new aspects of EBV-associated pathologies and point toward treatment possibilities for their prevention by the human immune system.

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an evolving paradigm

Cited by 281 publications

References 252 publications

Integrative Pan-Cancer Analysis of KIF15 Reveals Its Diagnosis and Prognosis Value in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Integrative Pan-Cancer Analysis of KIF15 Reveals Its Diagnosis and Prognosis Value in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

RPS15A promotes the proliferation and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Modification of EBV-Associated Pathologies and Immune Control by Coinfections

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