Nasopharyngeal cancer-derived microRNA-21 promotes immune suppressive B cells

Miao, Benchun; Zhang, Ruishi; Li, Meng; Fu, Yunting; Zhao, Miao; Liu, Zhigang; Yang, Ping‐Chang

doi:10.1038/cmi.2014.129

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In HL, B cells, and plasma cells can be present, but it is unclear to what extent these cells are specifically attracted or resident cells of the involved lymph node. In NPC, B cells are present at varying percentages [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 35 ] and they mostly reside in the stroma [ 19 , 36 ]. In EBV+ GC, only scattered B cells are found, usually in the stroma [ 6 , 26 ].…”

Section: Composition Of the Microenvironmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In EBV+ malignant B cells, LMP2A induces expression of IL-10 [ 112 ]. In NPC, one study showed the presence of IL-10-producing B cells in the TME [ 35 ]. Moreover, NPC cells express annexin II, a ligand for DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) to stimulate increased production of IL-10 by DCs [ 113 ].…”

Section: Immune Escape Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Microenvironment in Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Malignancies

et al. 2018

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The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) can cause a wide variety of cancers upon infection of different cell types and induces a highly variable composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME). This TME consists of both innate and adaptive immune cells and is not merely an aspecific reaction to the tumor cells. In fact, latent EBV-infected tumor cells utilize several specific mechanisms to form and shape the TME to their own benefit. These mechanisms have been studied largely in the context of EBV+ Hodgkin lymphoma, undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and EBV+ gastric cancer. This review describes the composition, immune escape mechanisms, and tumor cell promoting properties of the TME in these three malignancies. Mechanisms of susceptibility which regularly involve genes related to immune system function are also discussed, as only a small proportion of EBV-infected individuals develops an EBV-associated malignancy.

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Section: Composition Of the Microenvironmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immune Escape Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microenvironment in Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Malignancies

et al. 2018

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“…MiR-155 suppresses Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and triggers an immune response (Sun et al, 2012). In the presence of a TLR3 ligand, the expression level of miR-21 can be upregulated in a NPC cell line (C666-1) and tissues (Miao et al, 2015). MiR155 also mediates an increase in IL-10 expression by B lymphocytes, resulting in the inhibition of CD8 + T cell activation (Sun et al, 2012).…”

Section: Ebv Latent Proteins Dysregulate Host Mirnas To Regulate the mentioning

confidence: 99%

An update: Epstein-Barr virus and immune evasion via microRNA regulation

Zuo

Yue

et al. 2017

Virol. Sin.

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic virus that ubiquitously establishes life-long persistence in humans.To ensure its survival and maintain its B cell transformation function, EBV has developed powerful strategies to evade host immune responses. Emerging evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are powerful regulators of the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. In this review, we summarize current progress on how EBV utilizes miRNAs for immune evasion. EBV encodes miRNAs targeting both viral and host genes involved in the immune response. The miRNAs are found in two gene clusters, and recent studies have demonstrated that lack of these clusters increases the CD4 + and CD8 + T cell response of infected cells. These reports strongly indicate that EBV miRNAs are critical for immune evasion. In addition, EBV is able to dysregulate the expression of a variety of host miRNAs, which influence multiple immune-related molecules and signaling pathways. The transport via exosomes of EBV-regulated miRNAs and viral proteins contributes to the construction and modification of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. During EBV immune evasion, viral proteins, immune cells, chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and pro-apoptosis molecules are involved. Our increasing knowledge of the role of miRNAs in immune evasion will improve the understanding of EBV persistence and help to develop new treatments for EBV-associated cancers and other diseases.

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“…MiRNA-21 expression is also substantially increased in many cancers and may play a critical role in cancer cell survival, invasion, and apoptosis [76,91]. Recent findings suggest that miR-21 induced the expression of a significant number of cancer-related genes such as PDCD4, PTEN, SPRY, ERCK, TPM1, and Bcl-2, and responsible for regulating lymphocyte function [76,92]. MiR-21 inhibitors have shown suppression of NPC cell proliferation and migration by Bcl-2 downregulation [60].…”

Section: Microrna (Mirna or Mir) In Npcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic and Prognostic Indications of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Irekeola

Yean

2020

Diagnostics

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a disease that is highly associated with the latent infection of Epstein–Barr virus. The absence of obvious clinical signs at the early stage of the disease has made early diagnosis practically impossible, thereby promoting the establishment and progression of the disease. To enhance the stride for a reliable and less invasive tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of NPC, we synopsize biomarkers belonging to the two most implicated biological domains (oncogenes and tumor suppressors) in NPC disease. Since no single biomarker is sufficient for diagnosis and prognosis, coupled with the fact that the known established methods such as methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), multiplex methylation-specific PCR, microarray assays, etc., can only accommodate a few biomarkers, we propose a 10-biomarker panel (KIT, LMP1, PIKC3A, miR-141, and miR-18a/b (oncogenic) and p16, RASSF1A, DAP-kinase, miR-9, and miR-26a (tumor suppressors)) based on their diagnostic and prognostic values. This marker set could be explored in a multilevel or single unified assay for the diagnosis and prognosis of NPC. If carefully harnessed and standardized, it is hoped that the proposed marker set would help transform the diagnostic and prognostic realm of NPC, and ultimately, help prevent the life-threatening late-stage NPC disease.

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Nasopharyngeal cancer-derived microRNA-21 promotes immune suppressive B cells

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

The Microenvironment in Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Malignancies

The Microenvironment in Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Malignancies

An update: Epstein-Barr virus and immune evasion via microRNA regulation

Diagnostic and Prognostic Indications of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

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