Nasobronchial interaction

Abstract

Upper and lower airways can be considered as a unified morphofunctional unit. In this paper, nasobronchial interactions are evaluated based on literature.To discuss nasobronchial interactions, literature review from PubMed since 1982 is evaluated. Data base was including the terms "nasobronchial interaction, nasal and bronchial". Asthma and rhinosinusitis may be associated with environmental factors and immunological predisposition. Treatment of rhinosinusitis may decrease asthma exacerbations. It was concluded that "one airway, one disease"-concept may be accepted when considering naso-bronchial interaction. Asthma treatment should also mean treating the nose as good as treating patients with nasal symptoms. To reach the succesful results ıt should be associated with evaluation of lung functions.

United airway disease: current perspectives

“…Upper and lower airways are considered a unified morphological and functional unit, and the connection existing between them has been observed for many years, both in health and in disease. 1 , 2 More than 2,000 years ago, Claudius Galenus studied the upper airway and paranasal sinuses as integral parts of the respiratory tract, and he assumed that rhinitis and asthma were caused by secretions dripping from the brain into the nose and lung. 3 More recently, the concept of united airway disease (UAD) was suggested.…”

The united airway disease

“…Rhinitis findings are found in 98.9% of allergic asthmatics and 78.4% of nonallergic asthmatics. In addition, approximately 30% of patients with AR alone, without asthma, have either methacholine or histamine hypersensitivity 2,4,5,14 .…”

“…Upper and lower airways are thought as a mor phological and functional unit and the relationship between them has been observed for a long time 1,2 . The nose is located in the passage of the airway and the underlying airway approaches as a strong ventilation to protect it from the destructive effects of the air.…”

Current opinions for the management of asthma associated with ear, nose and throat comorbidities

“…The concept of unified airways was observed by Claudius Galenus [1], and it was extensively researched during the 1970s and 1980s [2][3][4]. A scientific and clinical revival was made during the last 20 years [5][6][7][8]. Both the upper and lower airway act as one system of conductive airways, presenting anatomical and functional similarities including conditioning, cleaning and conduction of the inspired air to the periphery of the lungs.…”