Nasal mucosa is much more susceptible than oral mucosa to infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron subvariants: Wearing nasal masks where facial masks cannot be used

Lin, Zijie; Sun, Lujia; Li, Liliang; Jiang, Shibo

doi:10.1002/jmv.28577

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…It has been recognized that myocarditis, both in adults and children, can mimic myocardial infarction with severe chest pain and typical ECG changes, along with increased serum creatinine kinase level and normal coronary angiograms [62]. In this regard, it is important that parvovirus B19 as well as adenovirus and Epstein-Barr virus are found in the myocardium of such patients [80].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of Myocarditis: Morphological Differential Diagnosis in Post-COVID-19 Children

et al. 2023

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Myocarditis is characterized by dysfunction and destruction of cardiomyocytes, infiltrative inflammation, and development of fibrosis. Late diagnosis of myocarditis has been a serious global health problem, especially due to the spread of a new coronavirus infection. The aim of this review is to identify differences between myocarditis of viral etiology, including SARS-CoV-2 lesions, based on instrumental and pathomorphological findings. Material and Methods: We analyzed publications covering the period from December 2019 to May 2023, published in publicly accessible international databases (“Medline”, “PubMed”, “Scopus”), with queries for the keywords “myocarditis”, “children”, “cardiovascular inflammation”, “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2”, “differential diagnosis”. Results: It was found that no unambiguous morphological criteria for the diagnosis of myocarditis coupled to SARS-CoV-2 lesions were identified. However, the detected histopathological changes such as virus-associated degeneration, apoptosis, cardiomyocyte necrosis, moderate interstitial hyperemia, myocardial tissue oedema, and capillary endothelial cell dysfunction were the major markers of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion: It is necessary further reconsider morphological criteria to diagnose SARS-CoV-2-caused myocarditis, rather than solely relying on detecting viral RNA by PCR as the sole evidence-based criterion. Similar issues accompany diagnostics of myocardial lesions associated with other viral infections. Evidence for an etiological diagnosis of myocarditis can be provided by a comprehensive analysis of the diagnostic criteria obtained, confirming virus exposure, followed by development of distinct clinical symptoms, MRI and CT changes, and morphological criteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%