Nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses form variation among modern humans of Asian descent

Evteev, Andrej; Grosheva, A. N.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.23841

Cited by 24 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In particular, previous studies suggest that the relative width of the external nose decreases in colder climates, whereas nasal width increases and the height of the nasal bridge decreases with increasing maximum humidity [42][43][44] . The morphology of the internal nose has been previously shown to correlate with humidity and to reflect environmental adaptation better than other parts of the respiratory system 8,45 , in agreement with the clinical and experimental literature 46,47 . Our study confirmed that populations in colder climates tend to have a relatively taller and narrower internal nose (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Respiratory Adaptation to Climate in Upper Palaeolithic Modern Humans: The Case of Sungir and Mladeč.

Stansfield¹,

Mitterœcker²,

Vasilyev³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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When our human ancestors migrated out of Africa, they faced a considerably harsher climate, but the extent to which human cranial morphology has adapted to climate is still debated. In particular, it remains unclear when such facial adaptations arose in human populations. Here, we explore climate-associated features of face shape in a worldwide modern human sample using 3D geometric morphometrics and a novel application of reduced rank regression. Based on these data, we assess climate adaptations in two crucial Upper Palaeolithic human fossils, Sungir and Mladeč, both of which have been archaeologically associated with a boreal-to-temperate climate. We found several aspects of face shape, especially the relative dimensions of the external and internal nose as well as of the maxillary sinuses, that are strongly associated with temperature and humidity, even after accounting for auto-correlation due to geographical proximity of populations. For these features, both fossils revealed adaptations to a dry environment, with Sungir being strongly associated with cold and Mladeč with warm-to-hot temperatures. As both fossils are dated among the earliest recent modern humans in Europe, our results suggest a relatively fast rate of climate adaptation in human respiratory morphology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Respiratory Adaptation to Climate in Upper Palaeolithic Modern Humans: The Case of Sungir and Mladeč.

Stansfield¹,

Mitterœcker²,

Vasilyev³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Moreover, we did not take into account factors such as ethnicity, climate, smoking habit, and periodontal status of the patients. Future studies may evaluate the influence of those different factors on class and division distributions of big-nose variant [ 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinus Augmentation—Expect the Unexpected: Diagnostic Anatomical Study

Yahya

Bar-Hai

Samehov

et al. 2021

JCM

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“Big-nose variant” is an anatomical phenomenon defined as the pneumatization of inferior third of the nasal cavity within the alveolar ridge while simultaneously displacing the maxillary sinus laterally. The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence of the big-nose variant phenomenon and suggest a morphology classification system. Diagnostic anatomical evaluation was performed in a tertiary medical center on 321 randomly selected maxillary cone beam computerized tomography scans of patients who presented at an oral and maxillofacial department. Two anatomical categories were defined for anatomical identification: classes for horizontal mesiodistal distribution, and divisions for vertical distribution. Class 2, defined as location of the nasal/sinus border between the distal edge of the canine up to the distal edge of second premolar, was found to be the most prevalent (64.6%). Class 3, defined as location of the nasal/sinus border distal to mesial edge of the first molar, was found in 17.9% of cases. Regarding the divisions category, in 96% and 58.2% of teeth examined, nasal cavity alone was found to be superior to the canine and first premolar, respectively, defined as Division A. In 46.9% and 85.6% of teeth examined, maxillary sinus alone was located above the second premolar and first molar, respectively, defined as Division C. Identifying Class 3 on the paraxial reconstruction is the first step in identifying big-nose variant, with further assurance gained from each determining division. The use of the classes and divisions may enable better maxillary treatment planning, alert surgeons for the unexpected, and avoid complications.

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“…The anatomical and physiological basis of this evolutionary model is supported by the study of modern human variation (Bastir et al, 2011; Churchill et al, 2004; Evteev & Grosheva, 2019; Evteev et al, 2017; Maddux et al, 2017, Marks et al, 2019; Stansfield et al, 2021; Yokley, 2009). These studies show that external and internal aspects of cranial airway morphology contribute to airflow dynamics and variation of internal surface area that affects air conditioning with respect to temperature and humidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Three‐dimensional form and function of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx in humans and chimpanzees

Bastir

Sanz-Prieto

Burgos

2021

The Anatomical Record

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The facial differences between recent Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens can be used as a proxy for the reduction of facial prognathism that happened during evolutionary transition between Australopithecines and early Homo. The projecting nasal morphology of Homo has been considered both a passive consequence of anatomical reorganization related to brain and integrated craniofacial evolution as well as an adaptation related to air-conditioning during physiological and behavioral shifts in human evolution. Yet, previous research suggested impaired air-conditioning in Homo challenging respiratory adaptations based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and airflow simulations. Here we improved CFD model at the inflow region and also carried out three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometrics to address the hypothesis of impaired air-conditioning in humans and species differences in airway shape. With the new CFD model we simulated pressure, velocity, and temperature changes in airflow of six adult humans and six chimpanzees and analyzed 164 semi-landmarks of 10 humans and 10 chimpanzees for 3D size and shape comparisons. Our finding shows significantly different internal 3D nasal airways. Also, species means of pressure, velocity, and temperature differed statistically significantly. However, form-related differences in temperature exchanges seem subtle and may question adaptive disadvantages. We rather support a hypothesis of craniofacial changes in the Australopithecus-Homo transition that are related to brain evolution and craniofacial integration with facial and nasal modifications that contribute to maintain respiratory adaptations related to air conditioning.

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Nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses form variation among modern humans of Asian descent

Cited by 24 publications

References 40 publications

Respiratory Adaptation to Climate in Upper Palaeolithic Modern Humans: The Case of Sungir and Mladeč.

Respiratory Adaptation to Climate in Upper Palaeolithic Modern Humans: The Case of Sungir and Mladeč.

Sinus Augmentation—Expect the Unexpected: Diagnostic Anatomical Study

Three‐dimensional form and function of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx in humans and chimpanzees

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