Nasal and sinonasal cancer. Connection with occupational exposures in Denmark, Finland and Sweden.

Hernberg, Sven; Westerholm, Peter; Schultz‐Larsen, Kirsten; Degerth, R; Kuosma, Eeva; Englund, Anders; Engzell, U.; Hansen, Hanne Sand; Mutanen, Pertti

doi:10.5271/sjweh.2405

Cited by 138 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Nasal and sinonasal tumors have been associated with exposure to stainless steel welding fumes (9), but no such tumors were observed in the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

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Mortality in two cohorts of welders exposed to high- and low-levels of hexavalent chromium.

Sjögren¹,

Gustavsson²,

Hedström³

1987

Scand J Work Environ Health

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SJOGREN B, GUSTAVSS01\l A, HEDSTROM L. Mortality in two cohorts of welders exposed to highand low-levels of hexavalent chromium . Scand J Work Environ H ealth 13 (1987) 247-251. Hexa valent chromium particles are generated in the weldingof stainlesssteel. These particles have manifested a mutagenic action in bacterial test systems and produced chromosome aberrations in cultured Chinese hamster cells. A cohort consisting of 234 welders working on stainless steel and exposed to high levels of chromium was selected. Accord ing to an earl ier survey the hexavalent chrom ium exposure of such welders was often abo ve 20 "g /m'. Another cohort consisting of 208 railway track welders exposed to low levels of chromium was also selected. The participants of both cohorts had welded for at least five years some time between 1950and 1965and were followed for mortality until December 1984. Among the welders exposed to high chromium levels five deaths occurred due to pulmonary tumors. Th is number is significantly greater than the one death that occurred among the welders exposed to low levels of chromium, but not significantly greater than the corresponding mortality of the general population. Thu s exposure to stainless steel welding fumes might be associated with an increased incidence of pulmonary tumors.

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“…Nasal and sinonasal tumors have been associated with exposure to stainless steel welding fumes (9), but no such tumors were observed in the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…Asbestos (2,21) and hexavalent chromium (22) are two possible causative agents. A well-conducted case-referent study has revealed an increased incidence of nasal and sinonasal tumors among welders exposed to chromium (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality in two cohorts of welders exposed to high- and low-levels of hexavalent chromium.

Sjögren¹,

Gustavsson²,

Hedström³

1987

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…Thereby we could obtain valid population-based estimates of the excess risk of work-related mortality. For example, in the estimation of the attributable fraction for nasal cancer, we applied the RR estimate of 2.4 for nickel exposure, taken from a Nordic case-referent study (261). In that study, the cases were derived from national registration systems, rather than from the corresponding greater RR estimate of 8.7 from a smaller cohort study of nickel refinery workers (43).…”

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confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic estimate of the proportion of fatalities related to occupational factors in Finland

Nurminen¹,

Karjalainen²

2001

Scand J Work Environ Health

260

202

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Objectives This study attempts to estimate the proportion of annual deaths related to occupational factors in Finland and considers related methodological issues and associated uncertainties.Methods Statistics on causes of death, numbers of subjects exposed, and risk ratios obtained from the epidemiologic literature were used to estimate the population attributable fraction and disease burden for causes of death from work-related diseases. Gender-, age-and disease-specific numbers of deaths were provided by Statistics Finland for 1996. Information on the size of the population, broken down by gender, age, occupation, and industry, was acquired from population censuses. A Finnish job-exposure matrix supplied data on the prevalence of exposure for specific agents and the level of exposure among exposed workers. ResultsThe attributable fraction of work-related mortality in the relevant disease and age categories was estimated to be 7% (10% for men and 2% for women), and for all diseases and ages the fraction was 4%. For the main cause-of-death categories, the attributable fraction became 12% for circulatory system diseases, 8% for malignant neoplasms, 4% for respiratory system diseases, 4% for mental disorders, 3% for nervous system diseases, and 3% for accidents and violence. The following estimates were obtained for specific important diseases: 24% for lung cancer, 17% for ischemic heart disease, 12% for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 11% for stroke. Based on these fractions, the total number of work-related deaths that occurred in Finland in 1996 was calculated to be on the order of 1800 (employed work force of 2.1 million); 86% involved men.Conclusions High-quality epidemiologic studies and national survey data are essential for obtaining reliable estimates of the proportion of deaths attributable to occupational factors. The magnitude of work-related mortality is an insufficiently recognized contributor to total mortality in Finland, especially from circulatory diseases and other diseases caused by exposure to agents other than asbestos.Key terms attributable fraction, burden of disease, epidemiologic methods, health statistics, occupational exposure. Global estimates of the burden of disease due to occupational factors have been calculated through the application of Finnish rates of registered work-related diseases (1). The approach is subject to the following two fundamental uncertainties: (i) the validity of the data on disease incidence from the national reporting scheme and (ii) the validity of worldwide extrapolations to different regions with different exposure circumstances. With the exception of studies using workers' compensation records, only a few research projects have estimated the magnitude of morbidity or mortality induced by exposure to hazardous agents or stress factors in the work environment at a state or national level. The investigations conducted in this area have covered New York State (2), the whole of the United States (3), Canada (4), and Australia (5). Given the lack of ...

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“…Relative risks well in excess of 5Á10 in the boot and shoe manufacturing industries have been reported [74]. Shoe and leather workers are exposed to dust from leather and to benzene from the glue [75]. In the earlier Nordic study based on census occupations and follow-up from 1971Á1991 [1], shoe and leather workers experienced the highest risk of nasal cancer with an SIR of 2.94 (95% CI 1.47Á5.26).…”

Section: Cancer Of the Nose And Nasal Sinusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupation and cancer – follow-up of 15 million people in five Nordic countries

et al. 2009

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We present up to 45 years of cancer incidence data by occupational category for the Nordic populations. The study covers the 15 million people aged 30Á64 years in the 1960, 1970, 1980/1981 and/or 1990 censuses in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, and the 2.8 million incident cancer cases diagnosed in these people in a follow-up until about 2005. The study was undertaken as a cohort study with linkage of individual records based on the personal identity codes used in all the Nordic countries.In the censuses, information on occupation for each person was provided through free text in self-administered questionnaires. The data were centrally coded and computerised in the statistical offices. For the present study, the original occupational codes were reclassified into 53 occupational categories and one group of economically inactive persons.All Nordic countries have a nation-wide registration of incident cancer cases during the entire study period. For the present study the incident cancer cases were classified into 49 primary diagnostic categories. Some categories have been further divided according to sub-site or morphological type. The observed number of cancer cases in each group of persons defined by country, sex, age, period and occupation was compared with the expected number calculated from the stratum specific person years and the incidence rates for the national population. The result was presented as a standardised incidence ratio, SIR, defined as the observed number of cases divided by the expected number. For all cancers combined (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer), the study showed a wide variation among men from an SIR of 0.79 (95% confidence interval 0.66Á0.95) in domestic assistants to 1.48 (1.43Á1.54) in waiters. The occupations with the highest SIRs also included workers producing beverage and tobacco, seamen and chimney sweeps. Among women, the SIRs varied from 0.58 (0.37Á0.87) in seafarers to 1.27 (1.19Á1.35) in tobacco workers. Low SIRs were found for farmers, gardeners and teachers.Our study was able to repeat most of the confirmed associations between occupations and cancers. It is known that almost all mesotheliomas are associated with asbestos exposure. Accordingly, plumbers, seamen and mechanics were the occupations with the highest risk in the present study. Mesothelioma was the cancer type showing the largest relative differences between the occupations. Outdoor workers such as fishermen, gardeners and farmers had the highest risk of lip cancer, while the lowest risk was found among indoor workers such as physicians and artistic workers.Studies of nasal cancer have shown increased risks associated with exposure to wood dust, both for those in furniture making and for those exposed exclusively to soft wood like the majority of Nordic woodworkers. We observed an SIR of 1.84 (1.66Á2.04) in male and 1.88 (0.90Á3.46) in female woodworkers. For nasal adenocarcinoma, the SIR in males was as high as 5.50 (4.60Á6.56).Male waiters and tobacco workers had the highest risk of ...

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Nasal and sinonasal cancer. Connection with occupational exposures in Denmark, Finland and Sweden.

Cited by 138 publications

References 12 publications

Mortality in two cohorts of welders exposed to high- and low-levels of hexavalent chromium.

Mortality in two cohorts of welders exposed to high- and low-levels of hexavalent chromium.

Epidemiologic estimate of the proportion of fatalities related to occupational factors in Finland

Occupation and cancer – follow-up of 15 million people in five Nordic countries

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