NASA's surface biology and geology designated observable: A perspective on surface imaging algorithms

Cawse‐Nicholson, Kerry; Townsend, Philip A.; Schimel, David; Assiri, A.; Blake, P. L.; Buongiorno, M. F.; Campbell, Petya K. E.; Carmon, Nimrod; Casey, Kimberly A.; Correa-Pabón, Rosa Elvira; Dahlin, Kyla M.; Dashti, Hamid; Dennison, Philip E.; Dierssen, Heidi M.; Erickson, Adam; Fisher, Joshua B.; Frouin, Robert; Gatebe, Charles K.; Gholizadeh, Hamed; Gierach, M. M.; Glenn, Nancy F.; Goodman, James; Griffith, David R.; Guild, Liane S.; Hakkenberg, Christopher R.; Hochberg, Eric J.; Holmes, Thomas; Hu, Chuanmin; Hulley, Glynn; Huemmrich, K. F.; Kudela, Raphael M.; Kokaly, Raymond F.; Lee, Christine M.; Martin, Robert E.; Miller, Charles E.; Moses, Wesley J.; Muller‐Karger, Frank E.; Ortiz, Joseph D.; Otis, D. B.; Pahlevan, Nima; Painter, T. H.; Pavlick, Ryan; Poulter, B.; Yi, Qing; Realmuto, Vincent J.; Roberts, Dar A.; Schaepman, Michael E.; Schneider, Fabian; Schwandner, F. M.; Serbin, Shawn P.; Shiklomanov, Alexey; Stavros, E. Natasha; Thompson, David R.; Torres-Pérez, J. L.; Turpie, Kevin R.; Tzortziou, Maria; Ustin, Susan L.; Yu, Qian; Yusup, Yusri; Zhang, Qingyuan

doi:10.1016/j.rse.2021.112349

Cited by 197 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 371 publications

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“…The BioSCape mission (https://bioscape.wilsonlab.io/), led by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), proposes to collect hyperspectral imagery over the GCFR and will be one of the first biodiversity‐focused missions across terrestrial, marine and aquatic environments. Such efforts will hopefully pave the way for global biodiversity measurements through efforts such as NASA’s Surface Biology Geology satellite mission (Cawse‐Nicholson et al., 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant spectral diversity as a surrogate for species, functional and phylogenetic diversity across a hyper‐diverse biogeographic region

Frye

Aiello‐Lammens

Euston-Brown³

et al. 2021

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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Aim With plant biodiversity under global threat, there is an urgent need to monitor the spatial distribution of multiple axes of biodiversity. Remote sensing is a critical tool in this endeavour. One remote sensing approach for detecting biodiversity is based on the hypothesis that the spectral diversity of plant communities is a surrogate of multiple dimensions of biodiversity. We investigated the generality of this ‘surrogacy’ for spectral, species, functional and phylogenetic diversity across 1,267 plots in the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR), a hyper‐diverse region comprising several biomes and two adjacent global biodiversity hotspots. Location The GCFR centred in south‐western and western South Africa. Time period All data were collected between 1978–2014. Major taxa studied Vascular plants within the GCFR. Methods Spectral diversity was calculated using leaf reflectance spectra (450–950 nm) and was related to other dimensions of biodiversity via linear models. The accuracy of different spectral diversity metrics was compared using 10‐fold cross‐validation. Results We found that a distance‐based spectral diversity metric was a robust predictor of species, functional and phylogenetic biodiversity. This result serves as a proof‐of‐concept that spectral diversity is a potential surrogate of biodiversity across a hyper‐diverse biogeographic region. While our results support the generality of spectral diversity as a biodiversity surrogate, we also find that relationships vary between different geographic subregions and biomes, suggesting that differences in broad‐scale community composition can affect these relationships. Main conclusions Spectral diversity was shown to be a robust surrogate of multiple dimensions of biodiversity across biomes and a widely varying biogeographic region. We also extend these surrogacy relationships to ecological redundancy to demonstrate the potential for additional insights into community structure based on spectral reflectance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant spectral diversity as a surrogate for species, functional and phylogenetic diversity across a hyper‐diverse biogeographic region

Frye

Aiello‐Lammens

Euston-Brown³

et al. 2021

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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“…Ideally, a constellation of many GHG target‐focused satellite instruments of similar build and retrieval performance would have this capability. Soon to launch spaceborne imaging spectrometers will have similar or improved spectral resolution and signal‐to‐noise as PRISMA, and include EnMAP, EMIT, Carbon Mapper, SBG, and CHIME (Guanter et al., 2015; Green et al., 2020; Duren et al., 2020; Cawse‐Nicholson et al., 2021; Nieke & Rast, 2018). Together, coordinating observations among these satellites may provide sufficient coverage to adequately constrain CO 2 emissions from large facilities.…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Global Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions With Imaging Spectroscopy

et al. 2021

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Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions are dominated by strong point sources. Energy supply and industrial systems make up 66% of total global fossil fuel CO 2 emissions (Crippa et al., 2019). In the United States, these sectors make up 50% of all greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (Hockstad & Hanel, 2018). Under the Paris Agreement, member countries must plan, develop, and report progress towards reducing their country's contribution to global GHG emissions (UN, 2015). Global inventories, such as the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC, 2019), often lack atmospheric measurements to estimate GHG emissions, and instead rely on accounting of fuel consumption, population dynamics, and other activity data. Guan et al., (2012) compiled CO 2 emissions using two different Chinese energy consumption datasets and found a gigaton (Gt) gap between emission estimates. Similarly, Hong et al. ( 2017) compiled an emission inventory

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“…The use of hyperspectral instruments on forthcoming satellite missions, including the NASA Geosynchronous Littoral Imaging and Monitoring Radiometer (GLIMR), Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE), and the Surface Biology and Geology Designated Observable (SBG), will enable the development of effective ocean color algorithms for the detection of phytoplankton communities at greater spatial and temporal scales while also extending observations of Rrs into the UV portion of the spectrum [59,60]. Datasets such as those reported here will be critically important for development of algorithms to more fully utilize the capabilities of these new sensor platforms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underway Hyperspectral Bio-Optical Assessments of Phytoplankton Size Classes in the River-Influenced Northern Gulf of Mexico

et al. 2021

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High inflows of freshwater from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers into the northern Gulf of Mexico during spring contribute to strong physical and biogeochemical gradients which, in turn, influence phytoplankton community composition across the river plume–ocean mixing zone. Spectral features representative of bio-optical signatures of phytoplankton size classes (PSCs) were retrieved from underway, shipboard hyperspectral measurements of above-water remote sensing reflectance using the quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA_v6) and validated against in situ pigment data and spectrophotometric analyses of phytoplankton absorption. The results shed new light on sub-km scale variability in PSCs associated with dynamic and spatially heterogeneous environmental processes in river-influenced oceanic waters. Our findings highlight the existence of localized regions of dominant picophytoplankton communities associated with river plume fronts in both the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers in an area of the coastal margin that is otherwise characteristically dominated by larger microphytoplankton. This study demonstrates the applicability of underway hyperspectral observations for providing insights about small-scale physical-biological dynamics in optically complex coastal waters. Fine-scale observations of phytoplankton communities in surface waters as shown here and future satellite retrievals of hyperspectral data will provide a novel means of exploring relationships between physical processes of river plume–ocean mixing and frontal dynamics on phytoplankton community composition.

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NASA's surface biology and geology designated observable: A perspective on surface imaging algorithms

Cited by 197 publications

References 371 publications

Plant spectral diversity as a surrogate for species, functional and phylogenetic diversity across a hyper‐diverse biogeographic region

Plant spectral diversity as a surrogate for species, functional and phylogenetic diversity across a hyper‐diverse biogeographic region

Quantifying Global Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions With Imaging Spectroscopy

Underway Hyperspectral Bio-Optical Assessments of Phytoplankton Size Classes in the River-Influenced Northern Gulf of Mexico

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