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This work intends to problematize the impacts of prison beyond its physical and institutional limits. Such aim is achieved through exploration and confrontation of two different social contexts: Catalonia and São Paulo. The communicating vessels, which connect jail to other social territories, and the experience of several agents, that provide mediation between prison and the rest of society, are questions treated through an analytical-descriptive perspective, intending to show up the production of a multifaceted social field that is structured around and through prison institutions. Exploring different paths in this field, it is possible to problematize some circumstances of mass imprisonment process, as well as recent changes in the penal contemporary mechanism.
This work intends to problematize the impacts of prison beyond its physical and institutional limits. Such aim is achieved through exploration and confrontation of two different social contexts: Catalonia and São Paulo. The communicating vessels, which connect jail to other social territories, and the experience of several agents, that provide mediation between prison and the rest of society, are questions treated through an analytical-descriptive perspective, intending to show up the production of a multifaceted social field that is structured around and through prison institutions. Exploring different paths in this field, it is possible to problematize some circumstances of mass imprisonment process, as well as recent changes in the penal contemporary mechanism.
No Brasil, o fenômeno da pobreza foi interpretado, mais das vezes, a partir da sua relação com o mercado de trabalho, com a escassez da proteção social e com o processo de expansão do assalariamento. Por outro lado, os estudos sobre estrutura ocupacional raras vezes adotam a pobreza como fenômeno a ser analisado, relegando-a a um mero subproduto das dinâmicas da estratificação social. Esta pesquisa pretende mostrar como podemos incorporar a estrutura ocupacional, a partir da sua relação com as mudanças econômicas e a proteção social, à análise da pobreza. Utilizamos como estudo de caso a Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, observada no período compreendido entre os anos de 1991 e 2010, quando analisamos, à luz de dados censitários, como diferentes padrões da estrutura ocupacional nessas duas décadas condicionaram a dinâmica da pobreza. Palavras-chave: Estrutura ocupacional; pobreza; proteção social; mercado de trabalho; Região Metropolitana de São Paulo.
A partir dessas fontes construiu-se um perfil racial deste universo escolar, que revelou a inserção de crianças negras na ordem de, aproximadamente, 10%. A presença negra na escola paulista traz a compreensão de que os negros obtiveram oportunidades de escolarização quando da implementação da Escola Nova, especialmente pela intenção dos reformadores paulistas em "disciplinar" os diferentes grupos étnico-raciais que perfaziam o universo escolar, para enfim, propagar os valores republicanos e reformar a vida social paulista rumo à modernidade anunciada. Palavras-chave:História da Educação -Negros -Escola Nova -Direito social e biológico -São Paulodécada de 1920 a 1940. ABSTRACT ARAÚJO, Marcia Luiza Pires. The schooling of black children from São Paulo (1920-1940). Thesis (Doctorate). Faculty of Education. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil, 2013.Pointing out the need to problematize the works that tend to generalize (and whiten) school relations of schools from São Paulo city in the early decades of the twentieth century, and assuming that blacks, despite the limitations, attended school groups during this period, the thesis intended to discuss the education of black children in São Paulo city.The period that covers the years 1920-1940 marks the transformation of economic structures, social, political and ideological of São Paulo city, and discussions about the need to democratize education in the sense of popular alphabetize the masses were also presented. It has used bibliographic and documentary research to conduct the analysis. Based on the journals of the black press in São Paulo, which dealt aspirations for education and professional instruction in ethnological research conducted by the Department of Culture of the municipal government of São Paulo city in the 1930s, in the testimonies of black families Collection Memory of Slavery in Black Families of São Paulo (University of São Paulo) and in the official documentation filed in state and local public records, it was possible to consider the presence of black children in school groups from São Paulo city.From these sources it has built a racial profile of this school universe, revealed that the inclusion of black children in the order of approximately 10%. The black presence in schools from São Paulo brings the understanding that blacks had opportunities of schooling when the implementation of the New School, especially the intent of reformers from São Paulo to "discipline" the different ethnic and racial groups that accounted for the school environment, to finally spread republican values and reform of social life of São Paulo city toward modernity announced.
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