Narrowing of Sex Differences in Infant Mortality in Massachusetts

Bhaumik, Urmi; Aitken, Iain; Kawachi, Ichiro; Ringer, Steve; Orav, John; Lieberman, Ellice

doi:10.1038/sj.jp.7211021

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In addition, abused women are less likely to seek external support when needed 32. We found an overall tendency of violence against women being most harmful for the growth of boys, which may reflect the increased biological vulnerability of male infants in this young age group 33 34…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Violence against women and the risk of fetal and early childhood growth impairment: a cohort study in rural Bangladesh

Åsling-Monemi

Naved

Persson

2009

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Violence against women and the risk of fetal and early childhood growth impairment: a cohort study in rural Bangladesh

Åsling-Monemi

Naved

Persson

2009

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…Preterm male neonates seem to require more neonatal care than female preterm neonates (Elsmen, Hansen Pupp, & Hellstrom-Westas, 2004). Despite medical advances in recent years, boys are yet to show less severe neonatal brain injury and illness, and lower infant and perinatal mortality (Bhaumik et al, 2004;Nunez & McCarthy, 2003;Vatten & Skjarven, 2004). Despite this evidence of sex dichotomy in preterm outcome, we did not find any significant sex differences in the outcomes that we have measured in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal stress and behavior modulate relationships between neonatal stress, attention, and basal cortisol at 8 months in preterm infants

Grunau

Petrie-Thomas

et al. 2007

Developmental Psychobiology

119

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There is evidence that the developmental trajectory of cortisol secretion in preterm infants is altered, with elevated basal cortisol levels observed postnatally through at least 18 months corrected age (CA). This alteration is possibly due to neonatal pain-related stress. High cortisol levels might contribute to greater risk of impaired neurodevelopment. Since maternal factors are important for the regulation of infant stress responses, we investigated relationships between infant (neonatal painrelated stress, attention, cortisol) and maternal (stress, interactive behaviors) factors at age 8 months CA. We found that interactive maternal behaviors buffered the relationship between high neonatal pain-related stress exposure and poorer focused attention in mothers who self-reported low concurrent stress. Furthermore, in preterm infants exposed to high concurrent maternal stress and overwhelming interactive maternal behaviors, higher basal cortisol levels were associated with poor focused attention. Overall, these findings suggest that maternal factors can influence the cognitive resilience at 8 months of preterm infants exposed to early life stress.

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“…IT IS NOW WIDELY RECOGNIZED THAT, following preterm birth, males have a greater risk of death and illness compared with females (14,39,40,52), although the difference in mortality between males and females has declined in recent years (6,13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Sex differences in cardiorespiratory transition and surfactant composition following preterm birth in sheep

Ishak

Hanita

Sozo

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Male preterm infants are at greater risk of respiratory morbidity and mortality than females but mechanisms are poorly understood. Our objective was to identify the basis for the "male disadvantage" following preterm birth using an ovine model of preterm birth in which survival of females is greater than males. At 0.85 of term, fetal sheep underwent surgery (11 female, 10 male) for the implantation of vascular catheters to monitor blood gases and arterial pressure. After cesarean delivery at 0.90 of term, lambs were monitored for 4 h while spontaneously breathing; lambs were then euthanized and static lung compliance measured. We analyzed surfactant phospholipid composition in amniotic fluid and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) taken at necropsy; we also analyzed surfactant protein (SP) expression in lung tissue. Before delivery male fetuses tended to have lower pH (P = 0.052) compared with females. One hour after delivery, males had significantly lower pH and higher arterial partial pressure of CO(2) (Pa(CO(2))), lactate, glucose, and mean arterial pressure than females. Two males died 1 h after birth. Static lung compliance was 37% lower in males than females (P < 0.05). In BALF, males had significantly more protein, a lower percentage of the phosphatidylcholine (PC) 32:0 (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) and higher percentages of PC34:2 and PC36:2. There were no sex-related differences in lung architecture or expression of SP-A, -B, -C, and -D. The lower lung compliance in male preterm lambs compared with females may be due to altered surfactant phospholipid composition and function. These changes may compromise gas exchange and impair respiratory adaptation after male preterm birth.

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Narrowing of Sex Differences in Infant Mortality in Massachusetts

Cited by 28 publications

References 21 publications

Violence against women and the risk of fetal and early childhood growth impairment: a cohort study in rural Bangladesh

Violence against women and the risk of fetal and early childhood growth impairment: a cohort study in rural Bangladesh

Maternal stress and behavior modulate relationships between neonatal stress, attention, and basal cortisol at 8 months in preterm infants

Sex differences in cardiorespiratory transition and surfactant composition following preterm birth in sheep

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