Narrow rows reduce biomass and seed production of weeds and increase maize yield

Mashingaidze, A. B.; Werf, Wopke Van der; Lotz, L.A.P.; Chipomho, Justin; Kropff, M.J.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.2009.00331.x

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is possible that excessive shading may have resulted in clover death. Weed scientists have used crop shading as a fundamental tenant of weed control, emphasizing a need for weed control between rows of a crop until the time of canopy closure (Teasdale, 1995;Mashingaidze et al, 2009;Marín and Weiner, 2014). Therefore, the impact of shading by the corn crop on the clover was determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Agronomic Practices for Clover Persistence and Corn Yield in a White Clover–Corn Living Mulch System

et al. 2017

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Core Ideas Living mulch cover crops help stabilize erosive soils during corn production. Wide rows enable the living mulch cover crop to re‐establish for subsequent cropping. Herbicide bands must be kept to a minimum width to permit living mulch. Removal of crop residue is essential for white clover to perenniate in the living mulch system. White clover can supply over 100 kg ha−1 N to corn in the living mulch system. The area dedicated to corn (Zea mays L.) production increased 50% in the southeastern United States between 2006 and 2016, but producers need to find production systems that mitigate environmental impacts on erosive soils. Utilizing a perennial legume in a living mulch system may help stabilize the soil. The objectives of this study were to identify the most successful herbicide banding pattern (20 or 40 cm), corn row spacing (75 or 90 cm), and corn population density (60,000 or 90,000 plants ha−1) to optimize potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) from white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and maximize clover regrowth in a living mulch system. Plots were established at Floyd and Oconee Counties, Georgia, and tested over 2014 and 2015. Clover persistence and regrowth was best when initial clover suppression used a 20‐cm band and corn was planted on 90‐cm rows. Herbicide‐induced PMN was greater for the wide herbicide band width, but shade‐induced PMN was greater from the narrow band width. Corn shaded the clover at approximately 40 d after planting (DAP) and clover responded by senescing biomass as shading increased. Shading resulted in the majority of PMN regardless of other treatments variables. Corn grain yields were greater in the high population treatments, but there was a year × location × herbicide band width interaction. Considering clover persistence, PMN, and corn grain yield, we conclude that corn planted on 90‐cm rows in 20‐cm wide herbicide bands of dead clover is the best treatment for the living mulch system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Agronomic Practices for Clover Persistence and Corn Yield in a White Clover–Corn Living Mulch System

et al. 2017

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“…It has been suggested that uniform planting pattern increases the spatial uniformity in leaf area index (LAI), reduces mutual shading, and hastens canopy closure, all of which result in increased radiation interception (RI) by the canopy (Olsen & Weiner, 2007) and increased crop growth and yield (Mashingaidze et al, 2009). At the same time, an equidistant spacing of crop plants may reduce light penetration or affect light quality (or both) under the crop canopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, an equidistant spacing of crop plants may reduce light penetration or affect light quality (or both) under the crop canopy. This may restrict seed germination of some weed species, suppress weed seedling growth, and reduce seed production by weed plants (Mashingaidze et al, 2009). In a uniform pattern, intra-specific competition within the crop is delayed, while inter-specific competition with weeds begins sooner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFECTS OF PLANTING DATE AND SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT ON COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris) YIELD UNDER WEED-FREE AND WEEDY CONDITIONS

Esmaeilzadeh

Aminpanah

2015

Planta daninha

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-To evaluate the effect of planting date and spatial pattern on common bean yield under weed-free and weed-infested conditions, an experiment was conducted in Kelachay, Northern Iran, in 2013. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a factorial arrangement with three replicates. Factors were planting date (10 August and 20 August), spatial pattern (square and rectangular planting pattern, with a planting distance of 30 x 30 cm and 45 x 20 cm, respectively), and weed management regime (weed-free and weedy conditions, weeded and not weeded throughout the growing season, respectively). Results showed that the main effect of planting date was significant only for pod number per plant and seed number per pod. At the same time, pod number per plant, seed number per pod, pod length, and grain yield were influenced significantly by spatial pattern. Results of ANOVA have also indicated that all traits, except pod length, were influenced significantly by weed-management regimes. Moreover, effect of planting date and spatial pattern were nonsignificant for weed dry weight. Mean comparison has expressed a significant increment in seed yield for square planting arrangement (1,055 kg ha ). Weeding has also presented an overall 12% and 8% improvement in grain and pod yield over control (weedy check), respectively. Based on the results of this study, weed control, as well as square planting pattern, are recommended for obtaining the highest seed yield in common bean. Palavras-chave: feijoeiro comum, competição, época de plantio, sistema de plantio, Phaseolus vulgaris. Keywords

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“…The availability of resources (water, nutrients, and space) and environmental factors like light and temperature affect the extent of the competition in weed-crop settings (Guillemin et al 2013). Studies with a number of crops like wheat (Kristensen et al 2008, Mashingaidze et al 2009), rice (Chauhan & Johnson 2010, barley (Kolb et al 2010), cotton (Reddy 2001), millet (Shinggu et al 2009), sorghum (Grichar et al 2004, and soybean (Hock et al 2006) found inverse relationships between narrow crop rows and weed growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was earlier suggested by Holt (1995) that by manipulating the crop row spacing and orientation in row cultivation, there may be reduction in light interception by weeds. Crop shading via narrow row spacing can improve weed control without extra costs or negative environmental impacts (Barberi 2002) whereby narrow rows provide a competitive edge to the crop over weeds due to early and rapid canopy closure (Kristensen et al 2008, Mashingaidze et al 2009, Chauhan & Johnson 2010, Khaliq et al 2014). Significant differences (p≤0.05) were recorded in the dry weed biomass for both seasons among the treatment combinations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of mulching and row spacing on weed management in Green Pepper varieties

Ocharo¹,

Korir²,

Gweyi-Onyango³

2017

Trop. Plant Res.

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A field experiment was conducted at the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Alupe Research Farm, Busia County for two cropping seasons during the year 2015 to determine the impact of row spacing and mulching materials on weed management of two green pepper varieties. The two varieties California Wonder and Yolo Wonder were sown in a randomized complete block design in factorial arrangements, comprising three-row spacing treatments and four mulching materials then replicated thrice. The row spacing were; 30, 40 and 50 cm whereas the mulching materials were; black plastic mulch, transparent plastic mulch, straw mulch and bare soil which was the control. Data collected was subjected to SAS statistical software for analysis and means separated using LSD at P≤0.05. Significant differences (p≤0.05) were observed between the treatment combination of mulch and row spacing in the fresh and dry weed biomass, weed species density per m 2 and the weed growth vigor. The highest fresh weed biomass (5008 g.m -2 ) was elicited by the control mulch treatment at the widest row spacing during the long rains season while the lowest (188 g.m -2 ) was observed in the black plastic mulch at the narrow row spacing of 30 cm. The weed species density was highest (7) in the control at 40 cm row spacing with the lowest elicited in the black plastic mulch at the 40 cm row spacing (1.7) during the short rain seasons. The weed growth vigor was highest in all the control mulch treatments at 30 cm row spacing while the lowest vigor was in the black plastic mulch which was closely followed by the transparent mulch at the various row spacings. The competitiveness of sweet pepper with weeds can be significantly enhanced by using black plastic as mulch under narrow row spacing with an optimum of 30 cm.

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Narrow rows reduce biomass and seed production of weeds and increase maize yield

Cited by 47 publications

References 25 publications

Optimizing Agronomic Practices for Clover Persistence and Corn Yield in a White Clover–Corn Living Mulch System

Optimizing Agronomic Practices for Clover Persistence and Corn Yield in a White Clover–Corn Living Mulch System

EFFECTS OF PLANTING DATE AND SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT ON COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris) YIELD UNDER WEED-FREE AND WEEDY CONDITIONS

Integration of mulching and row spacing on weed management in Green Pepper varieties

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