“…This hypothesis has also guided most drug discovery efforts in both familial and sporadic AD, which have focused on the removal of various forms of cerebral Aβ. Unfortunately, although a number of Aβ-targeted therapies tested in phase III clinical trials (bapineuzumab 9 , gantenerumab 10 , solanezumab 11 , crenezumab 12 , lanabecestat 13 , atabecestat 14 , verubecestat 15 and elenbecestat 16 , reviewed in depth elsewhere 17 ) can effectively reduce Aβ load in the brains of patients with AD, they have not been successful in slowing cognitive decline in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or patients with AD dementia. Two phase III trials of another Aβ-targeted therapy, aducanumab, were also halted prematurely after a futility analysis predicted that the trials would not meet their primary end point 18 .…”