Naringin exerts antiarrhythmic effects by inhibiting channel currents in mouse cardiomyocytes

Potential Beneficial Effects of Naringin and Naringenin on Long COVID—A Review of the Literature

“…Furthermore, the antioxidant effects of naringin can scavenge free radicals and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and GSH levels, effectively protecting the heart mitochondria from damage, thereby reducing DOX-induced apoptosis and vacuolization in cardiomyocytes [ 67 ]. In addition, naringin has the potential to alter the cellular channel currents in mouse ventricular myocytes, consequently exerting antiarrhythmic effects [ 159 ].…”

“…Changes in the composition and abundance of the gut [105], lung [109], oral [110], and nasopharyngeal microbiomes [111] Altered basal metabolite levels [114] Controlled the intestinal microenvironment [120] and colonic barrier [124]. Regulated the intestinal microbiota [121] Regulated gene expression pattern of intestinal commensal microorganisms [122] ME/CFS Impacted both mitochondrial function and reserves [131][132][133] Infiltration of amyloid-containing deposits [134] Stabilization of energy sources [139][140][141] Reduced mitochondrial dysfunction [142][143][144] Attenuated oxidative stress [145,146] Myocarditis Inflammation of cardiomyocytes through direct action of SARS-CoV-2 [153] Hypoxemia [154] High levels of antiheart autoantibodies [155] Cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction [156] Reduced the inflammatory factors associated with cardiovascular injury [158] Protected cardiac mitochondria from oxidative damage [67] Altered the cellular channel currents [159] Pulmonary Fibrosis Alveolar injury led to secretion of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory cytokines [164,165] Inhibition of TGF-β overexpression [167] Reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells [169] Regulated collagen formation [170] Enhanced mitophagy in lung tissues [171] Regulated miRNAs in extracellular vesicles [172] Cough Neuroinflammatory mediators led to hypersensitivity of the cough pathway [176] Inh...…”