Naringenin Ultrafine Powder Was Prepared by a New Anti-Solvent Recrystallization Method

Abstract

Raw naringenin directly isolated from plants is significantly limited by its poor dissolution rate and low bioavailability for clinical and in vivo studies. This study reported a method for the preparation of naringenin ultrafine powder (NUP) using a novel anti-solvent recrystallization process; preliminary experiments were conducted using six single-factor experiments. The response surface Box–Behnken (BBD) design was used to optimize the level of factors. The optimal preparation conditions of the DMP were obtained as follows: the feed rate was 40.82 mL/min, the solution concentration was 20.63 mg/mL, and the surfactant ratio was 0.62%. The minimum average particle size was 305.58 ± 0.37 nm in the derived optimum conditions. A scanning electron microscope was used to compare and analyze the appearance and morphology of the powder before and after preparation. The characterization results of FTIR, TG and XRD showed that no chemical change occurred in the powder before and after preparation. Through the simulated gastrointestinal juice digestion experiment, it was confirmed that the absorption rate of NUP was 2.96 times and 4.05 times higher than raw naringenin, respectively. Therefore, the results showed that the reduction in the particle size through the use of low-speed recrystallization could improve the absorption rate and provided a feasible approach for the further applications.

Research Progress on Taxus Extraction and Formulation Preparation Technologies

“…This method typically involves dissolving the target substance in a solvent and then adding an anti-solvent that mixes well with the solvent but has a lower solubility for the target substance. By controlling the amount of anti-solvent added, the solubility of the target substance in the solution is reduced, prompting it to recrystallize [35,36]. Antisolvent recrystallization can be used to separate and purify taxanes from crude extracts of T. mairei, with the best purification effect achieved using methanol as the solvent and water as the anti-solvent.…”

Naringenin ameliorates collagen‐induced arthritis through activating AMPK‐mediated autophagy in macrophages

“…Naringenin (4, 5, 7‐trihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid compound found in plants and abundant in citrus fruits 29,30 . It was confirmed that Naringenin has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, immune regulation, and so forth 31–34 .…”

“…Naringenin (4, 5, 7-trihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid compound found in plants and abundant in citrus fruits. 29,30 It was confirmed that Naringenin has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, immune regulation, and so forth. [31][32][33][34] While previous studies have reported the anti-RA effects of Naringenin and Naringin, these studies have focused mainly on their in vivo effects and modulation of dendritic cell function, lacking a comprehensive exploration of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Naringenin.…”