“…Caution should obviously be exercised in presuming that the behaviour is necessarily truly 'spontaneous' or that it is an inevitable 'maturing out' process. Other studies which have offered empirical support to the theory of natural history include: a 20-year follow-up of drug users receiving maintenance treatment at London clinics [Stimson and Oppenheimer, 1982;Oppenheimer et al, 1994], a study of US addicts [Vaillant, 1973], and the study by Robins et al [1975] who followed up a group of US Vietnam veterans.…”
Structural changes in the organization of drug treatment services in the northwest of England during the early 80s provided a unique opportunity to study a group of opiate addicts who were turned away from treatment. This paper reports on 60 opiate addicts who were abstinent at follow-up (2–3 years after their original referral). For the majority of subjects, any treatment received in the intervening period had been from a range of local, non-specialist treatment providers, including: general practices (n = 24) and local hospitals (n = 32). The subjects had also received assistance from non-statutory agencies (n = 35). Informal sources of support were drawn upon in the form of friends, family, and voluntary agencies. Social acceptance, legal problems, financial difficulties, and imprisonment were frequently cited as motivational factors that led to abstinence. At follow-up, improvements were reported in personal relationships and family circumstances, although there was less progress in relation to employment, finances, and housing. Increased involvement with the criminal justice system was significantly associated with a greater use of treatment services at follow-up. This paper presents the treatment and non-treatment pathways that led to abstinence amongst this group of opiate addicts. It also points to the importance of including non-treatment samples in evaluations of treatment interventions.
“…Caution should obviously be exercised in presuming that the behaviour is necessarily truly 'spontaneous' or that it is an inevitable 'maturing out' process. Other studies which have offered empirical support to the theory of natural history include: a 20-year follow-up of drug users receiving maintenance treatment at London clinics [Stimson and Oppenheimer, 1982;Oppenheimer et al, 1994], a study of US addicts [Vaillant, 1973], and the study by Robins et al [1975] who followed up a group of US Vietnam veterans.…”
Structural changes in the organization of drug treatment services in the northwest of England during the early 80s provided a unique opportunity to study a group of opiate addicts who were turned away from treatment. This paper reports on 60 opiate addicts who were abstinent at follow-up (2–3 years after their original referral). For the majority of subjects, any treatment received in the intervening period had been from a range of local, non-specialist treatment providers, including: general practices (n = 24) and local hospitals (n = 32). The subjects had also received assistance from non-statutory agencies (n = 35). Informal sources of support were drawn upon in the form of friends, family, and voluntary agencies. Social acceptance, legal problems, financial difficulties, and imprisonment were frequently cited as motivational factors that led to abstinence. At follow-up, improvements were reported in personal relationships and family circumstances, although there was less progress in relation to employment, finances, and housing. Increased involvement with the criminal justice system was significantly associated with a greater use of treatment services at follow-up. This paper presents the treatment and non-treatment pathways that led to abstinence amongst this group of opiate addicts. It also points to the importance of including non-treatment samples in evaluations of treatment interventions.
“…[14] • The majority -over 80% -of people who use licit drugs or illicit drugs do not develop substance use disorders. [15][16][17] Moreover, these casual users of drugs form the largest body of customers who drive both the legal and illegal drug trades.…”
Section: Legal Regulation -A Proven Holistic and Humanistic Approachmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[15,16] They are the unfortunate ones whom the drug laws force onto the margins of society and into lives of crime. [10,13] The CDA needs to take a wider look at the drug problem when drawing up its policies.…”
Section: Legal Regulation -A Proven Holistic and Humanistic Approachmentioning
“…The Vietnam Drug User Study, conducted in 1971-74 as requested by the White House Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention, involved interviews with two veteran samples [Robins, Davis, and Goodwin, 1974;Nace and Meyers, 1974;Robins, et al, 1975;Robins, Davis, and Nurco, 1974;Helzer, et al, 1979]. The veteran samples were selected so that at least 50 percent had positive urine tests for opiates, amphetamines, or barbiturates at service discharge.…”
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