Narcolepsy: Pathophysiology and Neuropsychological Changes

Naumann, Angela; Daum, Irene

doi:10.1155/2003/323060

Cited by 57 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Most studies have reported slower reaction times and more-variable performances of patients with narcolepsy, relative to controls [15,[17][18][19]. In particular, changes in vigilance or in the ability to sustain attention are found in long, monotonous tasks [20]. Poor performance in divided attention and flexible attention tasks, in spite of intact performance in alertness and focused attention tasks, has been interpreted to be related to reduced attentional capacity and attentional control of the executive attention network [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective deficits of attention, cognition and depression in patients with narcolepsy

et al. 2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective deficits of attention, cognition and depression in patients with narcolepsy

et al. 2015

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“…Early studies of cognitive impairment in narcoleptics were based mainly on self-reported complaints of patients or anecdotal clinical observations,7 and thus were unsuitable for exploring cognitive deficits in an objective manner. However, several of those studies did not reveal significant memory impairment in narcolepsy patients compared to normal controls, although some patients complained that they had increased difficulty in maintaining attention 8-10.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is High IQ Protective Against Cognitive Dysfunction in Narcoleptic Patients?

et al. 2013

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Background and PurposeThe aims of this study were to elucidate the cognitive functions of narcoleptics and determine whether intelligence protects against cognitive dysfunction and depressive mood in these patients.MethodsSixty-six subjects (33 narcoleptics, 33 controls) were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests and an individual standardized intelligence test. The cognitive functions of the narcoleptic patients and the healthy controls were compared, as were those of high-IQ and mid-to-low-IQ narcoleptic patients.ResultsNarcoleptics exhibited significantly lower scores in the Corsi Block-Tapping Test forward and backward, and the digit symbol tests, and significantly higher Beck Depression Inventory scores than the controls. However, verbal attention, verbal-visual long-term memory, and executive function task scores did not differ significantly between patients and controls. The mid-to-low-IQ patient group had lower mean digit span backward test, phonemic and semantic fluency Controlled Oral Word Association Test and Korean version of the Boston Naming Test scores, and a higher total score and general depressive symptoms subscales Beck Depression Inventory score than the high-IQ patient group. However, controls exhibited no IQ-related differences in cognitive performance or depressive mood. Patients in the high-IQ group exhibited impaired visual attention and working memory as compared with controls.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study show that narcolepsy patients have deficits in visual attention and visual working memory, and tend to feel more general depressive symptoms but not somatic symptoms than their control, nonnarcoleptic counterparts. In addition, it appears that higher intelligence protects against cognitive dysfunction and depressive mood.

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“…Sleep specialists have studied symptoms of ADHD in populations of narcoleptic adults [52,[64][65][66][67][68]. Oosterloo et al [52] found that symptoms of ADHD were present in 18.9 % of patients with narcolepsy.…”

Section: From Eds To Adhd Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Patients With ADHD—Diagnostic and Management Strategies

Bioulac

Micoulaud-Franchi

Philip

2015

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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The links between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sleep disorders remain unclear. Specific sleep disorders are a frequent comorbid condition associated with ADHD according to a categorical approach. However, sleep disorders can also induce ADHD-like symptoms according to a dimensional approach and are thought to be the consequence of excessive daytime sleepiness. It may thus be difficult for clinicians to differentiate the diagnosis of ADHD comorbid with a sleep disorder from sleep disorders with ADHD-like symptoms. This distinction could be important for the appropriate management of patients with dual complaints of trouble maintaining attention and daytime sleepiness. This paper summarizes the main sleep disorders associated with ADHD: sleep-related breathing disorders, sleep-related movement disorders, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, and central disorders of hypersomnolence (aka hypersomnias). The history of presenting symptoms should be taken into account since ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder whereas ADHD symptoms comorbid with sleep disorder are not. Finally, we propose a model to clarify the links between ADHD, ADHD symptoms, and excessive daytime sleepiness induced by sleep disorders. Clinicians should therefore routinely assess, monitor, and manage the sleep problems of patients with ADHD who have both comorbidities and should search for the presence of ADHD symptoms in subjects with sleep disorders.

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Narcolepsy: Pathophysiology and Neuropsychological Changes

Cited by 57 publications

References 117 publications

Subjective deficits of attention, cognition and depression in patients with narcolepsy

Subjective deficits of attention, cognition and depression in patients with narcolepsy

Is High IQ Protective Against Cognitive Dysfunction in Narcoleptic Patients?

Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Patients With ADHD—Diagnostic and Management Strategies

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