Napping: A public health issue. From epidemiological to laboratory studies

Faraut, Brice; Andrillon, Thomas; Vecchierini, M.-F.; Léger, Damien

doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.09.002

Cited by 130 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…Specifically, following sleep deprivation, subsequent nocturnal sleep is sometimes not sufficient for recovery, and both a nap and nocturnal sleep are required for immune cytokines to be returned to baseline levels [120]. Therefore, a mid-day nap is an efficient method for enhancing immune recovery beyond what is provided by nocturnal sleep [121]. …”

Section: Frequent Napping Is Associated With Negative Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the nap paradox: are mid-day sleep bouts a friend or foe?

Mantua

Spencer

2017

Sleep Medicine

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The mid-day nap, sometimes called a siesta, is a ubiquitous occurrence across the lifespan. It is well established that in addition to reducing sleepiness, mid-day naps offer a variety of benefits: memory consolidation, preparation for subsequent learning, executive functioning enhancement, and a boost in emotional stability. These benefits are present even if a sufficient amount of sleep is obtained during the night prior. However, we present a paradox: in spite of these reported benefits of naps, frequent napping has also been associated with numerous negative outcomes (eg, cognitive decline, hypertension, diabetes), particularly in older populations. This association exists even when statistically controlling for relevant health- and sleep-affecting determinants. An emerging hypothesis suggests inflammation is a mediator between mid-day naps and poor health outcomes, yet further research is necessary. Given this, it may be premature to ‘prescribe’ naps as a health enhancer. Herein, we aggregate findings from several branches of sleep research (eg, developmental neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, sleep medicine) to critically examine the paradoxical role of naps in cognitive and somatic health. This review uncovers gaps in the literature to guide research opportunities in the field.

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Section: Frequent Napping Is Associated With Negative Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the nap paradox: are mid-day sleep bouts a friend or foe?

Mantua

Spencer

2017

Sleep Medicine

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“…Naps improve alertness, vigilance, and cognitive performance in laboratory and field studies (4,5). In nightshift workers, naps can augment the sleep obtained during daytime hours, often shortened due 47 to circadian timing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Napping During Shift Work on Sleepiness and Performance in Emergency Medical Services Personnel and Similar Shift Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Martin‐Gill¹,

Barger²,

Moore³

et al. 2018

Prehospital Emergency Care

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Background: Scheduled napping during work shifts may be an effective way to mitigate fatigue-related risk. This study aimed to critically review and synthesize existing literature on the impact of scheduled naps on fatigue-related outcomes for EMS personnel and similar shift worker groups. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed of the impact of a scheduled nap during shift work on EMS personnel or similar shift workers. The primary (critical) outcome of interest was EMS personnel safety. Secondary (important) outcomes were patient safety; personnel performance; acute states of fatigue, alertness, and sleepiness; indicators of sleep duration and/or quality; employee retention/turnover; indicators of long-term health; and cost to the system. Meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of napping on a measure of personnel performance (the psychomotor vigilance test [PVT]) and measures of acute fatigue. Results: Of 4,660 unique records identified, 13 experimental studies were determined relevant and summarized. The effect of napping on reaction time measured at the end of shift was small and non-significant (SMD 0.12, 95% CI −0.13 to 0.36; p = 0.34). Napping during work did not change reaction time from the beginning to the end of the shift (SMD −0.01, 95% CI −25.0 to 0.24; p = 0.96). Naps had a moderate, significant effect on sleepiness measured at the end of shift (SMD 0.40, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.72; p = 0.01). The difference in sleepiness from the start to the end of shift was moderate and statistically significant (SMD 0.41, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.72; p = 0.01). Conclusions: Reviewed literature indicated that scheduled naps at work improved performance and decreased fatigue in shift workers. Further research is required to identify the optimal timing and duration of scheduled naps to maximize the beneficial outcomes.

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“…Previous studies have reported both positive and negative outcomes observed in relation to napping, and there is evidence that the duration may be particularly important (with shorter naps being beneficial, and longer naps being detrimental for various health outcomes including cardiovascular risk, cognitive impairment and memory consolidation). [50–53] Most studies to date linking daytime napping to poor health outcomes have been done in elderly populations[4, 54, 55], making it difficult to rule out that (in those studies) daytime napping is not merely a result of underlying disease, rather than being a cause of the poor outcomes. In addition, it’s often not possible in those studies to separate whether it is poor nocturnal sleep or the consequential daytime napping that is associated with the adverse outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is disrupted sleep a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease? Evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis

Anderson

Richmond

Jones

et al. 2019

Preprint

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INTRODUCTIONIt is established that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients experience sleep disruption. However, it remains unknown whether disruption in the quantity, quality or timing of sleep is a risk factor for the onset of AD.METHODSMendelian randomization (MR) was used to estimate the causal effect of self-reported and accelerometer-measured sleep parameters (chronotype, duration, fragmentation, insomnia, daytime napping and daytime sleepiness) on AD risk.RESULTSOverall, there was little evidence that sleep traits affect the risk of AD. There was some evidence to suggest that self-reported daytime napping was associated with lower AD risk (odds ratio [OR]: 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50 to 0.99). Some other sleep traits (accelerometer-measured eveningness and sleep duration, and self-reported daytime sleepiness) had ORs for AD risk of a similar magnitude to daytime napping, but were less precisely estimated.DISCUSSONOur findings provide tentative evidence that daytime napping may reduce AD risk. However, findings should be replicated using independent samples.

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Napping: A public health issue. From epidemiological to laboratory studies

Cited by 130 publications

References 170 publications

Exploring the nap paradox: are mid-day sleep bouts a friend or foe?

Exploring the nap paradox: are mid-day sleep bouts a friend or foe?

Effects of Napping During Shift Work on Sleepiness and Performance in Emergency Medical Services Personnel and Similar Shift Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Is disrupted sleep a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease? Evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis

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