Naphthoquinones ofLithospermum erythrorhizon

The Chemistry and Biology of Alkannin, Shikonin, and Related Naphthazarin Natural Products

“…[105] biological effects: antitumor (Section 5.2), antiamebic (Section 5.3), antipyretic and analgesic (Section 5.1), antifungal and antibacterial (Section 5.3), wound healing (Section 5.1), chemopreventive (Section 5.2), antiinflammatory (Section 5.1), inhibition of topoisomerase-II (Section 5.2), inhibition of microsomal monooxygenase, [71] stimulatation of peroxidase, [72] protection from uv-radiation, [73] inhibition of testosterone-a-reductase, [19f] induction and secretion of nerve growth factor. [74] 15 O O acetylshikonin roots: Arnebia decumbens, [75] A. euchroma, [36, 42±44, 49] A. guttata, [42,49,50] Cynoglossum officinale, [36] Echium vulgare, [36] Eritrichium incanum, [36] E. sichotenze, [36] Jatropha glandulifera, [56] Lappula consanguinea, [36] L. echinata, [36] Lithospermum arvense, [76] L. erythrorhizon, [42,57,77] Mertensia maritima, [36] Onosma confertum, [78] O. hookeri, [42] O. paniculatum. [42] cell cultures: Arnebia euchroma, [107e,f] Echium lycopsis, [26] L. erythrorhizon, [91, 99a] O. echioides.…”

Chemie und Biologie von Alkannin, Shikonin und verwandten Naphthazarin-Naturstoffen

“…Wurzeln: Arnebia decumbens, [75] A. euchroma, [36, 42±44, 49] A. guttata, [42,49,50] Cynoglossum officinale, [36] Echium vulgare, [36] Eritrichium incanum, [36] E. sichotenze, [36] Jatropha glandulifera, [56] Lappula consanguinea, [36] L. echinata, [36] Lithospermum arvense, [76] L. erythrorhizon, [42,57,77] Mertensia maritima, [36] Onosma confertum, [78] O. hookeri, [42] O. paniculatum [42] Zellkulturen: Arnebia euchroma, [107e,f] Echium lycopsis, [26] L. erythrorhizon, [91, 99a] O. echioides [106] 16 [36] Echium vulgare, [36] Eritrichium sichotenze, [36] Lappula consanguinera, [36] L. echinata, [36] Lithospermum arvense, [76] L. erythrorhizon, [57,80] Macrotomia euchroma, [36] Mertensia maritima [36] Zellkulturen: Arnebia euchroma,…”

“…Isovalerylshikonin Wurzeln: Arnebia decumbens, [81] Cynoglossum officinale, [36] Echium vulgare, [36] Lappula consanguinea, [36] L. echinata, [36] Lithospermum arvense, [76] L. erythrorhizon, [36,57,82] Macrotomia euchroma [36] Zellkulturen: Echium lycopsis, [26] L. erythrorhizon [91, 99a] Biologische Wirkung: Inhibierung der Topoisomerase I (Abschnitt 5.2)…”

“…Wurzeln: Arnebia euchroma, [49] A. guttata, [49,50] Lithospermum arvense, [76] L. erythrorhizon, [57,61,77,86] L. euchromum [86] Zellkulturen: Arnebia euchroma,…”

Shikonin Derivatives. V. Chemical Investigations ofArnebia decumbens

“…vmaxCKBr)cm -1: 3890 (bonded-OH); 1735 (ester> C =0); 1657 (C=C); 1610 (bonded >C=O); 1571 (phenyl). Reduced shikonin (2) has been previously reported to be a metabolite of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, 10,11). Alkana hirsutissima,!…”