Nanozymes: Versatile Platforms for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

Zhang, Xiaodong; Chen, Xiaokai; Zhao, Yanli

doi:10.1007/s40820-022-00828-2

Cited by 133 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…Considering the second portion of the hybrid nanosystems, the hard matter is generally composed of inorganic nanomaterials, including colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) [ 2 , 7 , 9 ], metallic nanoparticles (e.g., Au, Ag, Pt) [ 6 , 20 ], superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs or MIONs), and other nanosized compounds [ 6 , 19 ]. In this realm, recently, nanozymes—a variety of natural-enzyme-mimicking inorganic nanomaterials—have emerged as an innovative area of research that can play a pivotal role in oncological nanomedicine for diagnosis and therapy [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Compared with natural enzymes, nanozymes have attracted widespread interest due to their superior thermal and chemical stability, high catalytic efficiency, biosafety, relatively low cost, and easy preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, by designing and constructing nanohybrids, one can amalgamate the advantages of polymer–peptide (i.e., soft matter ) conjugates for targeting cancer cells with nanozymes (i.e., hard matter ) to promote ROS generation and temperature increase by an alternated magnetic field, inducing cancer cell death pathways [ 19 , 22 ]. In this view, by adopting a similar approach by coupling two or more nanozymes in a sequence of catalytic cascade reactions, one can offer unlimited opportunities to create hybrid nanomedicine platforms with multiple stimulus-responsive structures for fighting against cancer [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioengineered Carboxymethylcellulose–Peptide Hybrid Nanozyme Cascade for Targeted Intracellular Biocatalytic–Magnetothermal Therapy of Brain Cancer Cells

et al. 2022

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Glioblastoma remains the most lethal form of brain cancer, where hybrid nanomaterials biofunctionalized with polysaccharide peptides offer disruptive strategies relying on passive/active targeting and multimodal therapy for killing cancer cells. Thus, in this research, we report for the first time the rational design and synthesis of novel hybrid colloidal nanostructures composed of gold nanoparticles stabilized by trisodium citrate (AuNP@TSC) as the oxidase-like nanozyme, coupled with cobalt-doped superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized by carboxymethylcellulose ligands (Co-MION@CMC) as the peroxidase-like nanozyme. They formed inorganic–inorganic dual-nanozyme systems functionalized by a carboxymethylcellulose biopolymer organic shell, which can trigger a biocatalytic cascade reaction in the cancer tumor microenvironment for the combination of magnetothermal–chemodynamic therapy. These nanoassemblies were produced through a green aqueous process under mild conditions and chemically biofunctionalized with integrin-targeting peptide (iRDG), creating bioengineered nanocarriers. The results demonstrated that the oxidase-like nanozyme (AuNP) was produced with a crystalline face-centered cubic nanostructure, spherical morphology (diameter = 16 ± 3 nm), zeta potential (ZP) of −50 ± 5 mV, and hydrodynamic diameter (DH) of 15 ± 1 nm. The peroxide-like nanostructure (POD, Co-MION@CMC) contained an inorganic crystalline core of magnetite and had a uniform spherical shape (2R = 7 ± 1 nm) which, summed to the contribution of the CMC shell, rendered a hydrodynamic diameter of 45 ± 4 nm and a negative surface charge (ZP = −41 ± 5 mV). Upon coupling both nanozymes, water-dispersible colloidal supramolecular vesicle-like organic–inorganic nanostructures were produced (AuNP//Co-MION@CMC, ZP = −45 ± 4 mV and DH = 28 ± 3 nm). They confirmed dual-nanozyme cascade biocatalytic activity targeted by polymer–peptide conjugates (AuNP//Co-MION@CMC_iRGD, ZP = −29 ± 3 mV and DH = 60 ± 4 nm) to kill brain cancer cells (i.e., bioenergy “starvation” by glucose deprivation and oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species generation), which was boosted by the magneto-hyperthermotherapy effect when submitted to the alternating magnetic field (i.e., induced local thermal stress by “nanoheaters”). This groundwork offers a wide avenue of opportunities to develop innovative theranostic nanoplatforms with multiple integrated functionalities for fighting cancer and reducing the harsh side effects of conventional chemotherapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioengineered Carboxymethylcellulose–Peptide Hybrid Nanozyme Cascade for Targeted Intracellular Biocatalytic–Magnetothermal Therapy of Brain Cancer Cells

et al. 2022

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“…Nanostructured artificial enzymes (nanozymes) have shown promising enzyme-like catalytic features [ 1 ], which make them prime candidates for biomedical applications such as biosensing, catalytic therapeutics, cancer theranostics, and immunoassays [ 2 – 8 ]. As an example, to augment the low therapeutic efficacy of ferrotherapy in cancer treatment, a hybrid semiconducting nanozyme with significant efficiency of photothermal conversion was constructed for second near-infrared (NIR) photothermal ferrotherapy guided by photoacoustic imaging [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MXene-Based Composites as Nanozymes in Biomedicine: A Perspective

Iravani

Varma

2022

Nano-Micro Lett.

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MXene-based nanozymes have garnered considerable attention because of their potential environmental and biomedical applications. These materials encompass alluring and manageable catalytic performances and physicochemical features, which make them suitable as (bio)sensors with high selectivity/sensitivity and efficiency. MXene-based structures with suitable electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, large surface area, optical/magnetic properties, and thermal/mechanical features can be applied in designing innovative nanozymes with area-dependent electrocatalytic performances. Despite the advances made, there is still a long way to deploy MXene-based nanozymes, especially in medical and healthcare applications; limitations pertaining the peroxidase-like activity and sensitivity/selectivity may restrict further practical applications of pristine MXenes. Thus, developing an efficient surface engineering tactic is still required to fabricate multifunctional MXene-based nanozymes with excellent activity. To obtain MXene-based nanozymes with unique physicochemical features and high stability, some crucial steps such as hybridization and modification ought to be performed. Notably, (nano)toxicological and long-term biosafety analyses along with clinical translation studies still need to be comprehensively addressed. Although very limited reports exist pertaining to the biomedical potentials of MXene-based nanozymes, the future explorations should transition toward the extensive research and detailed analyses to realize additional potentials of these structures in biomedicine with a focus on clinical and industrial aspects. In this perspective, therapeutic, diagnostic, and theranostic applications of MXene-based nanozymes are deliberated with a focus on future perspectives toward more successful clinical translational studies. The current state-of-the-art biomedical advances in the use of MXene-based nanozymes, as well as their developmental challenges and future prospects are also highlighted. In view of the fascinating properties of MXene-based nanozymes, these materials can open significant new opportunities in the future of bio- and nanomedicine.

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“…As natural biocatalysts, enzymes have high specificity and efficiency, and play important roles in biological processes such as signal transduction, metabolism, and digestion [ 22 ]. However, the production cost of natural enzymes is high, they are easy to denature and inactivate, and the yield is low, making them difficult to apply [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Smartphone Colorimetric Sensor Based on Pt@Au Nanozyme for Visual and Quantitative Detection of Omethoate

Zhang

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2022

Foods

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A smartphone colorimetric sensor based on the Pt@Au nanozyme was successfully developed for the visual and quantitative detection of omethoate in fruit and vegetables. The anti-omethoate antibody was conjugated on the surface of the Pt@Au nanozyme as a catalytic functional signal probe, and coating antigen conjugated on the surface of magnetic polystyrene microspheres (MPMs) was used as a separation capture probe. In the sensing system, when the catalytic functional signal probe was combined with a separation capture probe containing no omethoate, the visible blue color appeared with the addition of tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) chromogenic solution, and the maximum B value of the sensing system was obtained via the smartphone. With increasing concentrations of omethoate, the visualization of the sensing system decreased, and the B-value obtained via the smartphone dropped. Under optimal detection conditions, the omethoate could be detected in a linear range of 0.5–50 μg/L (R2 = 0.9965), with a detection limit of 0.01 μg/L. The accuracy and reliability of the detection results of this colorimetric sensor were successfully confirmed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gas chromatography. This colorimetric sensor provides a technical reference and potential strategy for the immunoassay of hazard factors in resource-scarce laboratories.

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Nanozymes: Versatile Platforms for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

Cited by 133 publications

References 157 publications

Bioengineered Carboxymethylcellulose–Peptide Hybrid Nanozyme Cascade for Targeted Intracellular Biocatalytic–Magnetothermal Therapy of Brain Cancer Cells

Bioengineered Carboxymethylcellulose–Peptide Hybrid Nanozyme Cascade for Targeted Intracellular Biocatalytic–Magnetothermal Therapy of Brain Cancer Cells

MXene-Based Composites as Nanozymes in Biomedicine: A Perspective

A Smartphone Colorimetric Sensor Based on Pt@Au Nanozyme for Visual and Quantitative Detection of Omethoate

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