Nanozymes in Nanofibrous Mats with Haloperoxidase-like Activity To Combat Biofouling

Abstract

Electrospun polymer mats are widely used in tissue engineering, wearable electronics, and water purification. However, in many environments, the polymer nanofibers prepared by electrospinning suffer from biofouling during long-term usage, resulting in persistent infections and device damage. Herein, we describe the fabrication of polymer mats with CeO 2−x nanorods that can prevent biofouling in an aqueous environment. The embedded CeO 2−x nanorods are functional mimics of natural haloperoxidases that catalyze the oxidative bromination of Br − and H 2 O 2 to HOBr. The generated HOBr, a natural signaling molecule, disrupted the bacterial quorum sensing, a critical step in biofilm formation. The polymer fibers provide porous structures with high water wettability, and the embedded cerium oxide nanozymes act as a catalyst that can efficiently trigger oxidative bromination, as shown by a haloperoxidase assay. Additionally, the embedded nanozymes enhance the mechanical property of polymer mats, as shown by a single-fiber bending test using atomic force microscopy. We envision that the fabricated polymer mats with CeO 2−x nanorods may be used to provide mechanically robust coatings with antibiofouling properties.

Biocatalytic Nanomaterials: A New Pathway for Bacterial Disinfection

“…Subsequently, CeO 2− x nanorods were also electrospun with polyvinyl alcohol to fabricate nanofibrous mats, which showed catalytic ability to produce HOBr for bacterial disruption of QS. [ 112 ] These works represent an entirely new concept for emulating marine organisms’ defense mechanism for inhibiting bacterial recognition and biofilm establishment. Besides, another HPO mimetic, V 2 O 5 nanowires (NWs), could produce HOBr in the presence of H 2 O 2 and Br – , thus interfering with the QS system of bacteria and preventing bacterial adhesion (Figure 10D).…”

CeO2 Nanoparticle-Containing Polymers for Biomedical Applications: A Review

“…The mesh obtained exhibited superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic activity and enhanced proliferation of 3T3-L1 cells by ∼48%, as confirmed by alamarBlue ® Assay and SEM images of the cells grown on the nanofibrous material. Hu et al incorporated CeO 2 nanorods in tissue engineering electrospun polyvinyl alcohol mats to prevent their biofouling during long-term usage, typically resulting in persistent infections and device damage [90].…”

Nanozyme: a New Strategy Combating Bacterial

“…细菌耐药性的产生与细菌生物膜有着不可分割 的关系 [57] 。由于细菌生物膜的存在, 抗菌剂很难杀 灭被胞外基质包裹在生物膜内的细菌 [58] , 由此造成 生物膜内的细菌对抗菌剂的敏感性降低, 从而形成 强大的耐药性并诱导产生新的生物膜 [59] 。 研究发现, 细菌形成生物膜后会降低细菌对药物的敏感性, 当 细菌脱离生物膜形成游离细菌后对药物敏感性又重 新得到恢复。即使是没有耐药性遗传的细菌, 当形 成生物膜后, 其对抗菌剂的敏感性也会大大降低 [60] 。 此 外, 许多由细菌感染导致的相关疾病均有细菌生物 膜的参与 [3] confined on the surface of core/shell particles, and (f) growth of biofilms and (g) average thickness of the biofilms [64] 无 [67] 。 海洋防污是以在船舶等人工设施表面涂覆防污 涂料为主要方法。将纳米材料引入防污涂料已是较 为常用的方法。纳米材料在防污涂料中的使用主要 有三种形式 [68] : 1)利用纳米材料自身的强抗菌性能 作为防污剂引入涂料中, 增强防污涂料的防污能力; 2)通过纳米颗粒制备具有微米或纳米阶层的防污涂 料表面, 增大涂层接触角, 抑制污损生物的附着; 3)将 纳米材料作为防污剂的载体, 缓慢释放防污剂, 提 高防污剂的使用效率。 海水中含有约 1 mmol/L 的 Br -和 500 mmol/L 的 Cl -, 可提供卤化反应充足的卤素离子。Tremel 等 [69] [71] , 其大规模应用受到很大限制。受氧化铈在卤化反应 中的催化活性、氧化卤化作用, 以及 Ce 3+ / Ce 4+ 氧化 还原电对的启发, Tremel 等 [72] 进一步发现氧化铈纳 米棒(CeO 2-x NRs)(图 9(a, b) [72] Fig. 9 [73]…”