Nanozyme-Based Remodeling of Disease Microenvironments for Disease Prevention and Treatment: A Review

Abstract

Nanomaterials that can mimic the activity of various enzymes have been studied extensively in the biomedical field in recent years. Nanozymes offer better stability and economic value in comparison to natural enzymes. Additionally, nanozymes have characteristics of nanomaterials, such as photothermal properties and designability, and therefore have considerable potential. The cellular microenvironment provides the basis for maintaining normal cell growth and function. Increasing evidence shows that imbalances in the homeostasis of the cellular microenvironment constitute a major factor in the development of many diseases. Nanozymes have received considerable attention in recent years as regulators of the cellular microenvironment. In this Review, research on the use of nanozymes to remodel the disease microenvironment is discussed. First, the definition, classification, and enzyme-like activities of nanozymes are introduced; several major disease microenvironments are summarized including tumor, inflammatory, and trauma microenvironments. The role of nanozymes in disease microenvironments and the main strategies for constructing intelligent and responsive nanozyme systems are discussed. The specific applications of nanozymes in remodeling the diseased microenvironment are highlighted. Finally, the therapeutic strategies of nanozymes to remodel the disease microenvironment are summarized and prospected. Nanozyme disease microenvironment remodeling is expected to become a major therapeutic strategy or an adjunct for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.

Developments in conducting polymer-, metal oxide-, and carbon nanotube-based composite electrode materials for supercapacitors: a review

“…Because of the variable oxidation states from V 2+ to V 5+ , vanadium oxides possess outstanding redox characteristics, a distinctive layered structure, 165 and a large potential window. 166 Recently, NC-based SCs including V 2 O 5 and carbonaceous materials like SWCNT, MWCNT, AC, etc. have been explored.…”

“…have been explored. [166][167][168][169][170][171] Aer annealing at 550 °C, Thangappan et al used the ES process to create extremely porous GO/ V 2 O 5 NFs with a diameter range of roughly 190 to 80 nm. 168 These NCs were unique due to their surface shape, which promotes K + diffusion from the electrolyte placed into the pores of NC electrodes.…”

Developing hydrogels for gene therapy and tissue engineering

“…Enzymes are highly specific catalytic RNA or proteins produced by living cells [ 96 ]. Enzymes can significantly reduce the activation energy required for a chemical reaction or facilitate or inhibit the reaction by binding products [ 97 ]. The development of enzyme crosslinking is well established.…”

Application of Multifunctional Nanozymes in Tumor Therapy

“…Simply described, nanozymes are nanomaterials that exhibit both simulated enzyme and catalytic capabilities. In comparison to natural enzymes, they are more stable and economical . Nanozymes have great advantages in cancer therapy.…”

“…In comparison to natural enzymes, they are more stable and economical. 12 Nanozymes have great advantages in cancer therapy. Nanozymes can achieve passive targeting of tumor tissues through the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR) of blood vessels and increase drug accumulation in tumor tissues.…”