Nanozyme: a rising star for cancer therapy

Abstract

In recent years, nanozymes have attracted enormous attention due to their effectiveness in promoting a variety of catalytic reactions. Until now, thousands of nanozymes have been discovered including oxidase-like nanozymes,...

Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using palladium–platinum bimetallic nanoparticles combined with paper-based analytical devices

“…Therefore, many studies have focused on synthesizing nanozymes that are easy to prepare and have high stability to replace natural enzymes. 12–14…”

Design of Fe and N co-decorated biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon frameworks with boosted oxidase-like activity for hydroquinone detection

“…10 As a potential alternative to natural enzymes, nanozymes have been widely used in the fields of biosensing, disinfection, disease treatment and environmental protection. 11–18 Carbon-based nanomaterials, due to their unique optical, thermal and mechanical properties as well as highly tunable catalytic properties, are currently a hotspot for research on nanozyme materials. 19 Many carbon-based nanomaterials, including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanospheres, carbon dots, graphene oxide and their derivatives, have been shown to possess unique enzyme-like properties.…”

Transition-Metal-Based Nanozymes: Synthesis, Mechanisms of Therapeutic Action, and Applications in Cancer Treatment

“…29,32 Additionally, the lattice structure inherent in transition metals imparts outstanding electron transfer capability and photothermal conversion efficiency upon these nanozymes further augmenting therapeutic effects in RT, photothermal therapy (PTT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and other treatments. 33,34 Importantly, compared to other types of nanozymes, transition-metal-based ones can be easily modified through responsive or targeted approaches enabling tumor-site-specific enrichment that is highly advantageous for biomedical applications. 35−37 Therefore, research on transition-metalbased nanozymes is experiencing growth prospects.…”

“…Fortunately, enzymes exhibiting catalytic activities have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in augmenting O 2 generation and consumption of glutathione (GSH), thereby facilitating the reversal of TME. − However, instability of activity and susceptibility to degradation of natural enzymes restrict their widespread utilization. , Consequently, nanomaterials exhibiting enzyme-like activity (nanozymes) have been developed as a stable and cost-effective alternative to natural enzymes. − These nanozymes exhibit superior, more adjustable, and enduring catalytic properties compared to their natural counterparts due to the diverse range of raw materials utilized and their nanoscale size among other factors. , As a result, they hold immense promise for disease diagnosis and treatment applications including cancer. , Among particular interests are transition-metal-based nanozymes composed of metal elements from the D-zone of the periodic table. , Transition metals possess empty d or f orbitals which readily form coordination bonds with substrate molecules, leading to lower energy barriers in forming transition states during reactions. − This characteristic makes transition-metal-based nanozymes highly efficient at reducing activation energy throughout chemical reactions while accelerating them significantly. , Additionally, the lattice structure inherent in transition metals imparts outstanding electron transfer capability and photothermal conversion efficiency upon these nanozymes further augmenting therapeutic effects in RT, photothermal therapy (PTT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and other treatments. , Importantly, compared to other types of nanozymes, transition-metal-based ones can be easily modified through responsive or targeted approaches enabling tumor-site-specific enrichment that is highly advantageous for biomedical applications. − Therefore, research on transition-metal-based nanozymes is experiencing growth prospects.…”