Nanotunnels within Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Carbon Nanotube Composite for Highly Sensitive Neural Interfacing

Chen, Nuan; Luo, Baiwen; Patil, Anoop C.; Wang, Jiahui; Gammad, Gil Gerald Lasam; Yi, Zhigao; Liu, Xiaogang; Yen, Shih Cheng; Ramakrishna, Seeram; Thakor, Nitish V.

doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c00672

Cited by 42 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…An activated IrO x coating with excellent charge transfer properties was used for neural stimulation, but the surface of it was found to be chemically unstable [ 109 ]. Carbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene, are recognized as promising candidates to compromise the disadvantages of the metallic coatings, due to their lower toxicity, larger surface area, excellent electrical properties, and biocompatibility [ 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 ]. CNTs and graphene have been confirmed to be promising coatings for neural electrodes by numerous studies, as described in the following sections.…”

Section: Carbon Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to their large surface area, and good electrical and physical properties, such as high conductivity and a high aspect ratio [ 116 ], carbon nanotubes are used as superior coating materials for neural microelectrodes, which have shown low impedance, high charge transfer mobility, chemical stability, and biocompatibility. The reported impedance values of neural electrodes coated with CNTs are lowered by 10 to 60 times compared to those of the bare electrode [ 52 , 112 , 117 , 118 ]. In addition, due to the high surface-to-volume ratio of CNTs, the charge storage capacity (CSC) of the CNT-coated neural electrode can be increased by about 3–140 times, which is higher than PEDOT and IrO x with the same thickness [ 119 , 120 ].…”

Section: Carbon Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced Metallic and Polymeric Coatings for Neural Interfacing: Structures, Properties and Tissue Responses

et al. 2021

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Neural electrodes are essential for nerve signal recording, neurostimulation, neuroprosthetics and neuroregeneration, which are critical for the advancement of brain science and the establishment of the next-generation brain–electronic interface, central nerve system therapeutics and artificial intelligence. However, the existing neural electrodes suffer from drawbacks such as foreign body responses, low sensitivity and limited functionalities. In order to overcome the drawbacks, efforts have been made to create new constructions and configurations of neural electrodes from soft materials, but it is also more practical and economic to improve the functionalities of the existing neural electrodes via surface coatings. In this article, recently reported surface coatings for neural electrodes are carefully categorized and analyzed. The coatings are classified into different categories based on their chemical compositions, i.e., metals, metal oxides, carbons, conducting polymers and hydrogels. The characteristic microstructures, electrochemical properties and fabrication methods of the coatings are comprehensively presented, and their structure–property correlations are discussed. Special focus is given to the biocompatibilities of the coatings, including their foreign-body response, cell affinity, and long-term stability during implantation. This review article can provide useful and sophisticated insights into the functional design, material selection and structural configuration for the next-generation multifunctional coatings of neural electrodes.

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Section: Carbon Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbon Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Metallic and Polymeric Coatings for Neural Interfacing: Structures, Properties and Tissue Responses

et al. 2021

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“…Not only the material itself but also the surface topography plays an important role in the interaction with cells [ 22 ]. Surface topography designs vary from simple microgrooves [ 23 , 24 ] and micrometer-sized pillars [ 25 , 26 ] down to nanofabricated structures [ 27 ], nanowires [ 28 , 29 ], nanopillars [ 30 ], and nanotubes [ 31 ], and can also be combined with novel surface coatings [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proliferation and Cluster Analysis of Neurons and Glial Cell Organization on Nanocolumnar TiN Substrates

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Schmidt

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Biomaterials employed for neural stimulation, as well as brain/machine interfaces, offer great perspectives to combat neurodegenerative diseases, while application of lab-on-a-chip devices such as multielectrode arrays is a promising alternative to assess neural function in vitro. For bioelectronic monitoring, nanostructured microelectrodes are required, which exhibit an increased surface area where the detection sensitivity is not reduced by the self-impedance of the electrode. In our study, we investigated the interaction of neurons (SH-SY5Y) and glial cells (U-87 MG) with nanocolumnar titanium nitride (TiN) electrode materials in comparison to TiN with larger surface grains, gold, and indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. Glial cells showed an enhanced proliferation on TiN materials; however, these cells spread evenly distributed over all the substrate surfaces. By contrast, neurons proliferated fastest on nanocolumnar TiN and formed large cell agglomerations. We implemented a radial autocorrelation function of cellular positions combined with various clustering algorithms. These combined analyses allowed us to quantify the largest cluster on nanocolumnar TiN; however, on ITO and gold, neurons spread more homogeneously across the substrates. As SH-SY5Y cells tend to grow in clusters under physiologic conditions, our study proves nanocolumnar TiN as a potential bioactive material candidate for the application of microelectrodes in contact with neurons. To this end, the employed K-means clustering algorithm together with radial autocorrelation analysis is a valuable tool to quantify cell-surface interaction and cell organization to evaluate biomaterials’ performance in vitro.

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“…Also, they possess properties of common polymers such as their easy preparation, functionalization and processability (Anantha‐Iyengar et al, 2019; Jadoun & Riaz, ; Park et al, 2019). Some common conducting polymers are classified as polyacetylene (PAc) (Wang, Sun, et al, 2019), polypyrrole (PPY) (Jadoun et al, 2018), polyaniline (PANI) (Jangid et al, 2020), poly(o‐phenylenediamine) (POPD) (Riaz et al, 2017)), polythiophene (PTH) (Jadoun & Riaz, 2019), polyfuran (PF) (Ozkazanc & Ozkazanc, 2020), polycarbazole (PCz) (Jadoun et al, 2017), poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) (Chen et al, 2020), polynaphthylamine (PNA) (Jadoun et al, 2017 b; Jadoun et al, 2017c) and polyanisidine (PANIS) (Jadoun et al, 2018), (Figure 2).…”

Section: Conducting Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable conducting polymeric materials for biomedical applications: a review

2020

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Biomaterials are natural or synthetic materials that are biodegradable and interact cordially with biological systems (Qu et al., 2019). These can be well-defined as a material envisioned to interface with biological systems for evaluation, treatment and replacement of organs, tissues or function of the body (Basu & Ghosh, 2017; Reis et al., 2016). They play a key role in the human health system which is attained from nature or the environment (Mir et al., 2018). Generally, biopolymers are the main class of biomaterials as biopolymers are biocompatible, biodegradable and human body-friendly (Rebelo et al., 2017). These biopolymers are further classified as biodegradable and non-biodegradable according to their nature (Andreeßen & Steinbüchel, 2019; Kabir et al., 2020). Due to their outstanding biocompatibility, biodegradable polymers are known as the best candidate for biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems, vascular grafts, surgical sutures, artificial skin, bone fixation devices, gene delivery systems, tissue engineering and diagnostic applications. Biomedical engineering is an attractive branch which deals with engineering and biology together to put on engineering materials and rudiments in the field of healthcare and medicine. Tissue engineering is also a part of it that fulfils the purposes of recovering or exchange failing or broken body tissue by merging cells, scaffolds and bioactive molecules. Scaffolds should combine various functions such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, ideal mechanical strength, adequate porosity for small molecule transportation, controllability, implantation and sterilization. Hence, natural polymers such as gelatin and chitosan are the perfect match for scaffold fabrication and synthetic aliphatic polyesters too. However, these revealed poor hydrophilicity which limits the cell attachment on surfaces and lack of sites for covalent bonding. While having their biodegradable nature, biopolymers or conventional polymers are insulators in nature so that limits the use in some biomedical applications where conducting properties of biomaterials is indispensable (George et al., 2020). In many applications of implants in the body, such as in bone fixing materials, dental materials and bone substitution materials, there is a need for such type of material showing long-term stable performance. In other applications such as controlled drug delivery, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering

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Nanotunnels within Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Carbon Nanotube Composite for Highly Sensitive Neural Interfacing

Cited by 42 publications

References 93 publications

Advanced Metallic and Polymeric Coatings for Neural Interfacing: Structures, Properties and Tissue Responses

Advanced Metallic and Polymeric Coatings for Neural Interfacing: Structures, Properties and Tissue Responses

Proliferation and Cluster Analysis of Neurons and Glial Cell Organization on Nanocolumnar TiN Substrates

Biodegradable conducting polymeric materials for biomedical applications: a review

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