Nanotube enhanced carbon grids as top electrodes for fully printable mesoscopic semitransparent perovskite solar cells

Li, F. R.; Xu, Yongzhao; Chen, W.; Xie, Shouyi; Li, J. Y.

doi:10.1039/c7ta01383c

Cited by 57 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(28 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Graphene and CNTs have already been successfully applied as back electrodes in semitransparent PSCs. 160,161 However, in most cases, they are still prepared by 162 The carbon layer was deposited by the screen-printing method, using several grids with different geometries, as reported in Fig. 8B and C. For comparison, a carbon-based PSC without grid lines was also fabricated (device 0).…”

Section: High-temperature Processed Front Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Fagiolari

Bella

2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

245

188

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Almost ten years after their first use in the photovoltaic (PV) field, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are now hybrid devices that, in addition to having reached silicon performance, can accelerate the energy transition and boost the use of abundant elements for their manufacturing process. However, noble metals (in particular gold) represent the most typically used sources for back electrode fabrication, and this issue has been intensively considered by the research community in the last five years. This review shows how the most promising solution, considering also the need to develop a large-scale production process, is based on the use of carbon-based materials for the preparation of back electrodes. Graphite, carbon black, graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been proposed, functionalized and characterized, leading to laboratory-scale solar cells and modules capable of providing excellent efficiencies and ensuring stability greater than those of gold-based devices. Strengthened by these results and its hydrophobizing properties, carbon has also started to be used as an electron transporting material (ETM), with excellent results on both rigid and flexible substrates. This review discusses the major advances and the updated state-of-the-art in the carbon-based PSC scenario, keeping a solid trajectory where the accessibility, low cost, high electrical conductivity, chemical stability and controllable porosity of carbon are highlighted and exploited in the design of upscalable hybrid solar cells. Broader contextToday, more than 75% of the world energy demand is met by traditional, non-sustainable energy resources, mainly based on coal, natural gas and oil. Photovoltaics represents a concrete action to mitigate fossil fuel consumption, and among all the developed solar cells, perovskite-based ones have shown the highest increase in terms of efficiency (currently above 25%). Halide perovskites, as a family of new-generation semiconductor materials, are also exploitable for light-emitting devices, photodetectors and memristors, but their use in photovoltaics gives rise to outstanding performances. Here, photogenerated charges pass through electron/hole transporting materials and are transferred to the external circuit by front and back electrodes. While the front electrode is a common conductive glass, many issues are now under study concerning the back electrode, traditionally made of gold. Indeed, replacing this expensive metal with a much cheaper alternative is vital for realizing affordable solar technologies. Carbon, in its multiple forms, represents the winning solution and the scientific community has recently shown its large scale processability, its power as a stability booster and some interesting effects at the perovskite/electrode interface. This review shows how carbon is becoming the winning ingredient for the scaling up and worldwide diffusion of perovskite solar cells.

show abstract

Section: High-temperature Processed Front Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Performance of devices based on different carbon back electrodes, with 10 devices being tested for each type of cell, in the work published by Li et al162 Adapted and reprinted with permission from ref 162. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Fagiolari

Bella

2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

245

188

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While for the counter electrodes, the carbon materials or silver nanowires have been deposited via a wet‐chemistry printing method. However, the carbon materials have low conductivity, while the silver nanowires are readily react with the halides to form silver halides .…”

Section: Photovoltaic Characteristics Of the Pscs Made From The Sputtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells via a Sputtered Cathode

Shi

Zhou

et al. 2019

Solar RRL

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) attract great attention due to their low cost and high efficiency. In general, the Au cathode, a key component in PSCs, is prepared via an uneconomic vacuum thermal deposition method. Instead, the sputtering deposition method is much more economic and faster. However, it is generally thought that the organic hole transport layer such as 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD) can be easily damaged by the high energy plasma during the sputtering process. Thus, the performance of the PSCs greatly decreases. Herein, the structure of the planar PSCs is carefully manipulated by matching the thickness of Spiro‐OMeTAD layer and the Au film. With the further engineering of the interface of the Au/Spiro‐OMeTAD, the planar PSCs with the sputtered Au cathode exhibit a highly reproducible average efficiency of 17.6% ± 0.8%, with the best efficiency of 18.3%. In addition, the Cu electrode is demonstrated by the sputtering method. Finally, the Au sputter deposition is scaled up to make a high efficiency (14.7%) 10 × 10 cm2 module. This demonstrates well that the sputtering deposition of the metal cathode is an effective way for the fabrication of high efficient PSCs for future industrialization.

show abstract

“…In addition, the flexible substrate-based PSCs retained more than 90% of its initial value even after 1000-cycles bending at a small radius of 5 mm. In more recent years, other groups have successfully produced carbon-grid electrodes that are fully printable on STPSCs [80]. In this study, the AVT/PCE was varied from 6.5%/11.3% to 24.0%/5.1% by controlling the spacing between the carbon grid lines.…”

Section: Use Of One or Both Tco-free Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Studies of Semitransparent Solar Cells

Shin

Choi

2018

Coatings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is necessary to develop semitransparent photovoltaic cell for increasing the energy density from sunlight, useful for harvesting solar energy through the windows and roofs of buildings and vehicles. Current semitransparent photovoltaics are mostly based on Si, but it is difficult to adjust the color transmitted through Si cells intrinsically for enhancing the visual comfort for human. Recent intensive studies on translucent polymer-and perovskite-based photovoltaic cells offer considerable opportunities to escape from Si-oriented photovoltaics because their electrical and optical properties can be easily controlled by adjusting the material composition. Here, we review recent progress in materials fabrication, design of cell structure, and device engineering/characterization for high-performance/semitransparent organic and perovskite solar cells, and discuss major problems to overcome for commercialization of these solar cells.

show abstract

Nanotube enhanced carbon grids as top electrodes for fully printable mesoscopic semitransparent perovskite solar cells

Abstract: Semitransparent solar cells have attracted significant attention for their potential applications, though obtaining high average visible transmittance (AVT) while maintaining good conversion efficiency is a challenge.

Cited by 57 publications

References 35 publications

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells via a Sputtered Cathode

Recent Studies of Semitransparent Solar Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About