Nanotube‐Based 1D Heterostructures Coupled by van der Waals Forces

Abstract

1D van der Waals heterostructures based on carbon nanotube templates are raising a lot of excitement due to the possibility of creating new optical and electronic properties, by either confining molecules inside their hollow core or by adding layers on the outside of the nanotube. In contrast to their 2D analogs, where the number of layers, atomic type and relative orientation of the constituting layers are the main parameters defining physical properties, 1D heterostructures provide an additional degree of freedom, i.e., their specific diameter and chiral structure, for engineering their characteristics. The current state-of-the-art in synthesizing 1D heterostructures are discussed here, in particular focusing on their resulting optical properties, and details the vast parameter space that can be used to design heterostructures with custombuilt properties that can be integrated into a large variety of applications. First, the effects of van der Waals coupling on the properties of the simplest and best-studied 1D heterostructure, namely a double-walled carbon nanotube, are described, and then heterostructures built from the inside and the outside are considered, which all use a nanotube as a template, and, finally, an outlook is provided for the future of this research field.

Role of Mechanical van der Waals Coupling in the G-Band Splitting of Individual Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes

“…The labels show the outer layer diameter obtained from AFM measurements. (b) Dependence of interlayer distance Δ r in DWCNTs , and MWCNTs − on the diameter d established by ED and HRTEM measurements. Solid blue line represents the empirical relation obtained by Kiang et al, while dashed red curves designate the upper and lower bounds of Δ r = f ( d ) dependence estimated in this work based on the highest data point concentration.…”

Emerging Internet of Things driven carbon nanotubes-based devices

“…New trends emerge for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes based 1D van der Waals heterostructures [369,370]. Indeed, the CNTs/h-BN heterostructure [31,[371][372][373] facilitates the exploration of the exciton dynamics [374] as well as theoretical limit of the ballistic transport. Also, the charge transfer mechanism remains unclear at the CNTs/zero-dimensional materials interface [375].…”

One-Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures: A Perspective

“…It is predictable that 1D vdW heterostructures would represent the new frontier of materials research in the near future. 6,52,66 Currently, the highly efficient production of long-continuous crystal 1D vdW heterostructures with good uniformity and low cost is essential for property study but remains challenging. Based on the template-assisted growth method, the synthesis of high-quality 1D vdW heterostructures can be realized by following the basic strategy: (1) Choose a starting nanotube with a proper diameter, good isolation, and clean surface.…”

“…1D vdW heterostructures offer a novel platform to research and modulate, in the confined 1D space, the formation, relaxation, and transfer of electrons, phonons, and excitons. It is predictable that 1D vdW heterostructures would represent the new frontier of materials research in the near future. ,, …”

“…van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures composed of stacked atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials have generated great interest owing to their novel and fascinating properties such as gate tunability, valley effects, and moiré physics as well as the potential applications in the electronic and optoelectronic devices. , The integration of both structural and electronic variety in vdW layered materials exceeds the restriction of lattice symmetry and lattice constants and does not rely on chemical bonds. In principle, the bond-free integration strategy can be extended beyond 2D materials and create a sequence of artificial heterostructures and superlattices with dangling-bond-free surfaces and electronically sharp interfaces. , For instance, the one-dimensional (1D) vdW heterostructures coaxially stacking different kinds of 1D counterparts in a chosen sequence (Figure ) open up an entirely new realm and provide a distinctive platform for fundamental scientific studies and applications. , Compared with 2D vdW heterostructures, 1D vdW heterostructures exhibit a high aspect ratio associated with the highly constrained radial size. The resulting quantum confinement effects boost intriguing 1D physics in heterostructure properties such as electron or photon transport along the radial direction.…”