Nanotriangle-based gap-enhanced Raman tags for bioimaging and photothermal therapy

Jin, Xiulong; He, Jing; Ye, Jian

doi:10.1063/1.5081891

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…It has been shown recently that the location of RMs in ultrasmall gaps rather than near particle tips resulted in a higher SERS signal . Following this strategy, a novel type of label called gap-enhanced Raman tags (GERTs) has been suggested and studied. − A typical GERT is composed of a plasmonic Au core with adsorbed RMs and an additional Au shell. For example, GERTs with embedded 1,4-benzenedithiol molecules between the core and a smooth external shell have been developed. , Such nanoparticles demonstrate high and uniform SERS response which make them suitable candidates for cell imaging, − in vivo cancer , and lymph node imaging, Raman-guided locoregional plasmonic photothermal therapy, ,, and other applications. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petal-like Gap-Enhanced Raman Tags with Controllable Structures for High-Speed Raman Imaging

et al. 2020

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Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is widely used for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging applications. However, reproducible and controllable fabrication of SERS tags with high density of electromagnetic hot-spots is still challenging. We report an improved strategy for the synthesis of core/shell Raman tags with high density of hot-spots and high immobilization of reporter molecules. The strategy is based on simultaneous growth and functionalization of an Au shell around Au nanospheres coated with 4nitrobenzenethiol (NBT). The amount of added 4-NBT is key factor to control the structure SERS response of the resulting particles. Specifically, we demonstrate the formation of gap-enhanced Raman tags (GERTs) with a smooth solid shell (sGERTs), petal-like GERTs (pGERTs), and mesoporous Au particles (mGERTs) filled with Raman molecules. In contrast to NBT molecules, similar thiols such as 1,4-benzenedithiol (BDT) and 2-naphtalenethiol (NT) do not support the formation of pGERTs and mGERTs. To explain this finding, we proposed a growth mechanism based on the unique chemical structure of NBT. The SERS response of optimized pGERTs is 50 times higher than that from usual sGERTs, which makes pGERTs suitable for single-particle spectroscopy. We demonstrate successful application of pGERTs for high-speed cell imaging using 10 ms accumulation time per pixel and a total imaging time of about 1 min. Because of the high SERS response and unique porous structure, these nanoparticles have great potential for bioimaging and other applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petal-like Gap-Enhanced Raman Tags with Controllable Structures for High-Speed Raman Imaging

et al. 2020

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“…The development of GERTs was initiated by Lim et al, who showed that DNA embedded between a Au core and Au shell provides stable and enhanced SERS signals . This was followed by more experimental and theoretical studies, − which were summarized in a recent review by Khlebtsov et al We have recently investigated the optimal design of GERT using Au@SiO 2 @Au with the overall NP size in the range of 35–70 nm, a gap range of 2.5–15 nm, and shell thickness from 2.5 to 10 nm . The optical response of such Au@SiO 2 @Au always consists of two peaks, with one at shorter wavelength that can be attributed to the nonbonding mode largely coming from the Au-core and another one at longer wavelength red-shifted from the nonbonding peak.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Raman nanotags can unexpectedly interact inside biological environments and are also susceptible to photobleaching, which can occur with improper storage or from prolonged exposure to a light source. Recently, a new type of SERS nanotag has emerged called gap-enhanced Raman tags (GERTs), offering a visible improvement in signal intensity through electromagnetic field enhancement. − In GERTs, a hard plasmonic shell is synthesized over the Raman-tagged plasmonic structures, which prevents the Raman reporters from leaking. Additionally, the plasmonic shell shields the reporters against unwanted matrix interactions and also protects against photobleaching, therefore ensuring highly stable SERS NPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplexed Surface Protein Detection and Cancer Classification Using Gap-Enhanced Magnetic–Plasmonic Core–Shell Raman Nanotags and Machine Learning Algorithm

Rodriguez-Nieves,

Taylor,

Wilson

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death attributed to disease worldwide. Current standard detection methods often rely on a single cancer marker, which can lead to inaccurate results, including false negatives, and an inability to detect multiple cancers simultaneously. Here, we developed a multiplex method that can effectively detect and classify surface proteins associated with three distinct types of breast cancer by utilizing gap-enhanced Raman scattering nanotags and machine learning algorithm. We synthesized anisotropic magnetic core−gold shell gap-enhanced Raman nanotags incorporating three different Raman reporters. These multicolor Raman nanotags were employed to distinguish specific surface protein markers in breast cancer cells. The acquired signals were deconvoluted and analyzed using classical least-squares regression to generate a surface protein profile and characterize the breast cancer cells. Furthermore, computational data obtained via finite-difference time-domain and discrete dipole approximation showed the amplification of the electric fields within the gap region due to plasmonic coupling between the two gold layers. Finally, a random forest classifier achieved an impressive classification and profiling accuracy of 93.9%, enabling effective distinguishing between the three different types of breast cancer cell lines in a mixed solution. With the combination of immunomagnetic multiplex target specificity and separation, gap-enhancement Raman nanotags, and machine learning, our method provides an accurate and integrated platform to profile and classify different cancer cells, giving implications for identification of the origin of circulating tumor cells in the blood system.

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“…Recently, numerous studies have sought to use thermoplasmonics for a wide variety of applications. These applications include photovoltaics [51,52], liquid heating [53,54], gene therapy [55], thermal biology [56], photothermal cancer therapy [57][58][59][60], imaging and spectroscopy [61,62], and plasmofluidics [63,64]. Some of the thermoplasmonic studies have used the thermally caused shift in the LSPR as a mechanism of temperature sensing [65], whereas Jackman et al [66] devised a highly sensitive method using LSPR that analyzes the deformation in the shape of the protein molecule as it is adsorbs on a metal surface at different temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photothermal Effect in Plasmonic Nanotip for LSPR Sensing

Nisar

Kang

Zhao

2020

Sensors

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The influence of heat generation on the conventional process of LSPR based sensing has not been explored thus far. Therefore, a need exists to draw attention toward the heat generation issue during LSPR sensing as it may affect the refractive index of the analyte, leading to incorrect sensory conclusions. This manuscript addresses the connection between the photo-thermal effect and LSPR. We numerically analyzed the heat performance of a gold cladded nanotip. The numerical results predict a change in the micro-scale temperature in the microenvironment near the nanotip. These numerical results predict a temperature increase of more than 20 K near the apex of the nanotip, which depends on numerous factors including the input optical power and the diameter of the fiber. We analytically show that this change in the temperature influences a change in the refractive index of the microenvironment in the vicinity of the nanotip. In accordance with our numerical and analytical findings, we experimentally show an LSPR shift induced by a change in the input power of the source. We believe that our work will bring the importance of temperature dependence in nanotip based LSPR sensing to the fore.

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Nanotriangle-based gap-enhanced Raman tags for bioimaging and photothermal therapy

Cited by 15 publications

References 65 publications

Petal-like Gap-Enhanced Raman Tags with Controllable Structures for High-Speed Raman Imaging

Petal-like Gap-Enhanced Raman Tags with Controllable Structures for High-Speed Raman Imaging

Multiplexed Surface Protein Detection and Cancer Classification Using Gap-Enhanced Magnetic–Plasmonic Core–Shell Raman Nanotags and Machine Learning Algorithm

Photothermal Effect in Plasmonic Nanotip for LSPR Sensing

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