Nanotoxicology: A Review

Walters, Chavon; Pool, Edmund John; Somerset, Vernon

doi:10.5772/64754

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…The results of the present investigation are in line with the studies reporting on the eco-toxicological impacts on marine ecosystems of E-NPs [1]. Studies on invertebrates and fishes have already suggested harmful effects of E-NPs exposure [20,38,39]. Our contribution to this area is given by pieces of evidence of the altered GRN expression and genotoxicity of C-NPs exposure in P. lividus embryos.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Genotoxicity and alteration of the Gene Regulatory Network expression during Paracentrotus lividus development in the presence of carbon nanoparticles

et al. 2021

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Nanoparticles are a newly emerging class of pollutants with eco-toxicological impacts on marine ecosystems; they are characterized by nano-scale size which improves their physical, chemical and biological properties. To better understand the mechanisms of embryotoxicity of carbon-based nanoparticles, the genotoxicity and the perturbation of the Gene Regulatory Network (GRN) expression have been investigated during the development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus from fertilization to early pluteus stage. Increasing quantities of carbon nanoparticles (C-NPs), 0.5, 2.5 and 25 × 1013 C-NPs/500 cm3 of filtered seawater were administered during fertilization and the development was monitored up to the early pluteus stage (48 h). DNA damage and gene expression were assayed by Comet assay and Real-Time PCR, respectively. Taken together, our results indicate that embryo malformations taking place in the presence of C-NPs are due to altered regulation of the GNR and to a progressive accumulation of DNA single-strand breaks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Genotoxicity and alteration of the Gene Regulatory Network expression during Paracentrotus lividus development in the presence of carbon nanoparticles

et al. 2021

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“…Epidemiological data showed adverse action of air-borne ultrafine particles on humans, which were confirmed in animal exposures [ 1 ]. Toxicity of metal, metal oxide and carbon-based nanoparticles (NPs) is most relevant for human health because exposure to this group of NPs is highest, occurs over long periods and degradation and excretion of the ingested particles are low [ 2 ]. Numerous studies have addressed adverse effects of NPs exposure by in vitro and in vivo experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of omics techniques in the toxicity testing of nanoparticles

Frőhlich

2017

J Nanobiotechnol

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Nanotechnology is regarded as a key technology of the twenty-first century. Despite the many advantages of nanotechnology it is also known that engineered nanoparticles (NPs) may cause adverse health effects in humans. Reports on toxic effects of NPs relay mainly on conventional (phenotypic) testing but studies of changes in epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome induced by NPs have also been performed. NPs most relevant for human exposure in consumer, health and food products are metal, metal oxide and carbon-based NPs. They were also studied quite frequently with omics technologies and an overview of the study results can serve to answer the question if screening for established targets of nanotoxicity (e.g. cell death, proliferation, oxidative stress, and inflammation) is sufficient or if omics techniques are needed to reveal new targets. Regulated pathways identified by omics techniques were confirmed by phenotypic assays performed in the same study and comparison of particle types and cells by the same group indicated a more cell/organ-specific than particle specific regulation pattern. Between different studies moderate overlap of the regulated pathways was observed and cell-specific regulation is less obvious. The lack of standardization in particle exposure, in omics technologies, difficulties to translate mechanistic data to phenotypes and comparison with human in vivo data currently limit the use of these technologies in the prediction of toxic effects by NPs.

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“…Released ions can diffuse inside the cell and block the active center of enzymes, deactivating the protein’s functionality. There are a plenty of recent reviews that focus on the toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel [ 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ]. Exposure of the nanomaterial to UV can lead to electron-hole pairs’ activation and, consequently, bond splitting and radical formation.…”

Section: Nanotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance and Adaptation of Bacteria to Non-Antibiotic Antibacterial Agents: Physical Stressors, Nanoparticles, and Bacteriophages

et al. 2021

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Antimicrobial resistance is a significant threat to human health worldwide, forcing scientists to explore non-traditional antibacterial agents to support rapid interventions and combat the emergence and spread of drug resistant bacteria. Many new antibiotic-free approaches are being developed while the old ones are being revised, resulting in creating unique solutions that arise at the interface of physics, nanotechnology, and microbiology. Specifically, physical factors (e.g., pressure, temperature, UV light) are increasingly used for industrial sterilization. Nanoparticles (unmodified or in combination with toxic compounds) are also applied to circumvent in vivo drug resistance mechanisms in bacteria. Recently, bacteriophage-based treatments are also gaining momentum due to their high bactericidal activity and specificity. Although the number of novel approaches for tackling the antimicrobial resistance crisis is snowballing, it is still unclear if any proposed solutions would provide a long-term remedy. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of how bacteria acquire resistance against these non-antibiotic factors. We also discuss innate bacterial defense systems and how bacteriophages have evolved to tackle them.

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Nanotoxicology: A Review

Cited by 24 publications

References 68 publications

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Genotoxicity and alteration of the Gene Regulatory Network expression during Paracentrotus lividus development in the presence of carbon nanoparticles

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Genotoxicity and alteration of the Gene Regulatory Network expression during Paracentrotus lividus development in the presence of carbon nanoparticles

Role of omics techniques in the toxicity testing of nanoparticles

Resistance and Adaptation of Bacteria to Non-Antibiotic Antibacterial Agents: Physical Stressors, Nanoparticles, and Bacteriophages

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