“…In contrast, biological approaches depend on the metabolic activities of microorganisms to decompose and convert pollutants of WW to biomass and associated gases (CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 , and SO 2 ), thereby decreasing the values of BOD and COD in the effluents and improving their quality [ 21 ]. Biological treatments involve biodegradation bleaching using different microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, yeast, and microalgae [ [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] ]. Biological treatments aim to construct a system that facilitates the treatment of disposed WW based on the decomposition yield potentials.…”