“…The rapid development of nanotechnology and the in-depth understanding of tumor biology have promoted the application of nanotechnology in the field of tumor molecular medicine, especially in the fields of medical imaging ( Li et al, 2017 ; Qi et al, 2018 ; Siddique and Chow, 2020 ), tumor molecular diagnosis ( Combes et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2022 ) and anticancer therapy ( Qin et al, 2017 ; Cheng et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2022a ). In recent years, based on the continuous development of nanomaterials, the organic combination of diagnosis and treatment can be achieved through the design of a variety of nano-drug systems, so as to realize the integrated treatment of tumor diagnosis and treatment ( Zhu et al, 2021 ).…”