Abstract:Cervical cancer is a major disease with high mortality. All cervical cancers are caused by infection with human papillomaviruses (HPV). Although preventive vaccines for cervical cancer are successful, treatment of cervical cancer is far less satisfactory because of multidrug resistance and side effects. In this review, we summarize the recent application of nanotechnology to the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer as well as the development of HPV vaccines. Early detection of cervical cancer enables tum… Show more
“…Combination of liposomes for immunotherapy with other therapeutic strategies, such as chemotherapy [particles loaded with doxorubicin, cisplatin (41,42), or paclitaxel (43)] or photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be expected to lead to better than the reported in literature result (44).…”
Therapeutic vaccination with synthetic long peptides (SLP) can be clinically effective against HPV-induced premalignant lesions; however, their efficiency in established malignant lesions leaves room for improvement. Here, we report the high therapeutic potency of cationic liposomes loaded with welldefined tumor-specific SLPs and a TLR3 ligand as adjuvant. The cationic particles, with an average size of 160 nm, could strongly activate functional, antigen-specific CD8 þ and CD4 þ T cells and induced in vivo cytotoxicity against target cells after intradermal vaccination. At a low dose (1 nmol) of SLP, our liposomal formulations significantly controlled tumor outgrowth in two independent models (melanoma and HPV-induced tumors) and even cured 75%-100% of mice of their large established tumors. Cured mice were fully protected from a second challenge with an otherwise lethal dose of tumor cells, indicating the potential of liposomal SLP in the formulation of powerful vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.
“…Combination of liposomes for immunotherapy with other therapeutic strategies, such as chemotherapy [particles loaded with doxorubicin, cisplatin (41,42), or paclitaxel (43)] or photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be expected to lead to better than the reported in literature result (44).…”
Therapeutic vaccination with synthetic long peptides (SLP) can be clinically effective against HPV-induced premalignant lesions; however, their efficiency in established malignant lesions leaves room for improvement. Here, we report the high therapeutic potency of cationic liposomes loaded with welldefined tumor-specific SLPs and a TLR3 ligand as adjuvant. The cationic particles, with an average size of 160 nm, could strongly activate functional, antigen-specific CD8 þ and CD4 þ T cells and induced in vivo cytotoxicity against target cells after intradermal vaccination. At a low dose (1 nmol) of SLP, our liposomal formulations significantly controlled tumor outgrowth in two independent models (melanoma and HPV-induced tumors) and even cured 75%-100% of mice of their large established tumors. Cured mice were fully protected from a second challenge with an otherwise lethal dose of tumor cells, indicating the potential of liposomal SLP in the formulation of powerful vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.
“…Nanotechnology also offers tremendous opportunities in diagnosis of cervical cancer compared to commonly used techniques of cytology and HPV detection, which are challenged due to the lack of sensitivity, especially in detecting pre-invasive cervical cancers. The detection of HPV genes could help diagnose cervical cancer at a very early stage and thus enhance cancer treatment efficacy [8].…”
Section: Currently Inorganic Nanomaterials Including Gold Nanoparticmentioning
“…Early cervical cancer diagnostics has been improved by application of nanotechnologies (16). For example; the ultra-bright fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticle to detect folate (Fa) receptors on cervical cells surface.…”
Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) bioconjugates are increasingly being utilised in biomedicine due to their low toxicity on biological tissues and unique electronic and chemical properties. They have been utilised in several biological applications namely manufacture of nanomaterials, biosensing, electron microscopy and drug delivery systems. Particularly, immuno-assays often employ gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to enhance detection of a biological component. This paper presents a study on the bioconjugation of AuNPs with an antibody against an oncoprotein that is overexpressed in cervical carcinoma progression through physical adsorption. The study successfully developed a HPV 16 E6/18 E6-HRP (CP15)-AuNPs bioconjugate. The study also demonstrated that the antibody pI, gold colloidal solution pH and amount of antibody determine the generation of stable Antibody-AuNPs bioconjugates. These results further demonstrate that physical adsorption can be used to produce functional Antibody-AuNPs that could be employed in diagnostic immunoassays.
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