Nanotechnology in Restoration of Degraded Soil Fertility

Abstract

Soil fertility degradation caused by factors such as erosion, organic matter decline, loss of biodiversity, compaction, point-source and diffused contamination, pollution, salinization, and unsustainable agricultural practices poses serious challenges to global food security and ecosystem health. However, in recent years, nanoparticles, nanomaterials, and nanocomposites have shown promise in improving soil structure, nutrient availability, water retention, microbial activity etc. The development of nanoscale soil amendments is a key application of nanotechnology in soil restoration. These include nanoparticles that have been engineered to release nutrients gradually, increasing nutrient uptake by plants and reduce nutrient leaching. Furthermore, nanomaterials can act as carriers for beneficial microorganisms, shielding them from environmental stressors and ensuring efficient delivery to the soil.