Nanotechnology in oncology: Characterization and in vitro release kinetics of cisplatin-loaded albumin nanoparticles: Implications in anticancer drug delivery

Abstract

Context:Nanotechnology is an empowering technology that holds promise in cancer therapeutics by increasing the ratio of tumor control probability to normal tissue complication probability. It can increase the bioavailability of the drug at the target site, reduce the frequency of administration and reach otherwise lesser-accessible sites. The present study shows the feasibility of the cisplatin-loaded albumin nanoparticle as a sustained delivery system.Aims:Cisplatin is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of malignant disorders. Conventional cisplatin formulation given as intravenous infusion has low bioavailability to the target organ in addition to significant side-effects, like ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study was to develop a protein-based nanoparticulate system for sustained release of cisplatin.Materials and Methods:Nanoparticles were prepared by the coacervaton method of microcapsulation and chemical cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Particle size was characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy.Results and Conclusions:Using the coacervation method, nanoparticles of less than 70 nm diameter were produced. Drug encapsulation measured by ultraviolet spectroscopy varied from 30% to 80% for different ratios of cisplatin and protein. In vitro release kinetics shows that the nanoparticle-based formulation has biphasic release kinetics and is capable of sustained release compared with the free drug (80% release in 45 h). The study proves the feasibility of the albumin-based cisplatin nanoparticle formulation as a sustained release vehicle of cisplatin.

Nanoparticle formulation of 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA): anti-inflammatory activity and in vivo pharmacokinetics

“…Nanoparticles are the colloidal systems having particle size of <100 nm (Buzea et al 2007). Nanoparticle formulation possesses several advantages including targeted drug delivery, increased solubility of phytoconstituents, and thereby enhanced absorption, reduced elimination and metabolism of drug, increased bioavailability, t 1/2 , leading to reduced therapeutic dose and toxicity of corresponding drugs (Ajazuddin 2010;Das et al 2011).…”

Development and optimisation of 3-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid loaded poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid-nanoparticles with enhanced oral bioavailability and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity in rats

“…It enhanced the efficacy of various water soluble/insoluble drug molecules by increasing their solubility, permeability, bioavailability and half life (t 1/2 ) [20,21]. Furthermore, preparing nanoparticle formulation of herbal drugs/or their bioactives may result in certain advantages like targeted and sustained drug delivery, increased solubility and permeability of drug, reduced drug elimination and metabolism, thereby increasing bioavailability [18,22,23]…”

Formulation of Biologically-Inspired Silk-Based Drug Carriers for Pulmonary Delivery Targeted for Lung Cancer

“…The conventional cisplatin formulation, when delivered intravenously, is widely distributed into the body fluids and tissues. This distributed drug rapidly binds to the tissue and plasma proteins leading to low bioavailability of the drug to the target organ 19 . The majority of the drug fails to reach the target site in the lungs.…”

“…The majority of the drug fails to reach the target site in the lungs. Instead, highest concentrations are found in the kidneys and are excreted from the body predominantly via renal excretion 19 . There are common systemic side effects such as nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, mucositis and myelosuppression often leading to life-threatening septicaemia 19 .…”

“…Instead, highest concentrations are found in the kidneys and are excreted from the body predominantly via renal excretion 19 . There are common systemic side effects such as nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, mucositis and myelosuppression often leading to life-threatening septicaemia 19 . Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin in currently marketed formulations is short lasting and requires frequent dosing to maintain the concentration of the drug within the therapeutic window 19 20 .…”