Nanotechnology for Chemical Engineers

Elnashaie, S.S.E.H.; Danafar, Firoozeh; Hashemipour, Hassan

doi:10.1007/978-981-287-496-2

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 312 publications

(461 reference statements)

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“…A possible explanation for this is that at higher pretreatment temperatures more lignin is depolymerized into smaller molecules which have a higher solubility than the larger molecules in the same extract. Because of the higher solubility of smaller lignin molecules, the degree of local supersaturation after the mixing would be lower for extracts produced at 220 °C, causing slower precipitation and larger particles [ 26 ]. Figure 7 c shows this decrease of particle size with increasing M w .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Properties of Lignin Nanoparticles from Ethanol Organosolv Liquors—Influence of Origin and Pretreatment Conditions

et al. 2021

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Despite major efforts in recent years, lignin as an abundant biopolymer is still underutilized in material applications. The production of lignin nanoparticles with improved properties through a high specific surface area enables easier applicability and higher value applications. Current precipitation processes often show poor yields, as a portion of the lignin stays in solution. In the present work, lignin was extracted from wheat straw, spruce, and beech using ethanol organosolv pretreatment at temperatures from 160–220 °C. The resulting extracts were standardized to the lowest lignin content and precipitated by solvent-shifting to produce lignin micro- and nanoparticles with mean hydrodynamic diameters from 67.8 to 1156.4 nm. Extracts, particles and supernatant were analyzed on molecular weight, revealing that large lignin molecules are precipitated while small lignin molecules stay in solution. The particles were purified by dialysis and characterized on their color and antioxidant activity, reaching ASC equivalents between 19.1 and 50.4 mg/mg. This work gives detailed insight into the precipitation process with respect to different raw materials and pretreatment severities, enabling better understanding and optimization of lignin nanoparticle precipitation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Properties of Lignin Nanoparticles from Ethanol Organosolv Liquors—Influence of Origin and Pretreatment Conditions

et al. 2021

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An overview on the development of nanofiber‐based as polymer electrolyte membrane and electrocatalyst in fuel cell application

Yusoff

Shaari

2021

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Fuel cell technology has matured, and much emphasis has been placed on commercialization efforts for these systems, whether for stationary or portable applications. Several factors influence commercialization success, including the use of strong, durable, and cost‐effective material technology. The two most important components in a fuel cell are the catalyst and proton exchange membrane. In addition, some crucial characteristics need to be possessed: high catalytic activity, high surface area, high proton conductivity, low fuel permeability, and increased stability chemical, mechanical, and thermal. The following properties will require the development of catalysts and membranes in the nano‐scale structure. Nanofiber is a unique nanostructure that has been investigated in fuel cell technology to produce the catalyst and proton exchange membrane. The electrospinning technique has gained prominence to fabricate nanofibers because of its ease to use, simplicity, and wide range of applications. Thus, the main objective of this review is to provide an overview of the electrospinning process by explaining the operating principle, parameters influencing the electrospinning technique, and application of nanofibers in the fuel cell, specifically for the fabrication of electrolyte electrospun nanofiber membranes and fibrous materials as an electrochemical catalyst in fuel cell applications. This review also discusses the benefits of the investigated nanofiber materials and the challenges and prospects of the electrospinning technique in a fuel cell.

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Role and Characterization of Nano-Based Membranes for Environmental Applications

Agboola

Sadiku

Popoola

et al. 2020

Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World

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Nanotechnology for Chemical Engineers

Cited by 9 publications

References 312 publications

Production and Properties of Lignin Nanoparticles from Ethanol Organosolv Liquors—Influence of Origin and Pretreatment Conditions

Production and Properties of Lignin Nanoparticles from Ethanol Organosolv Liquors—Influence of Origin and Pretreatment Conditions

An overview on the development of nanofiber‐based as polymer electrolyte membrane and electrocatalyst in fuel cell application

Role and Characterization of Nano-Based Membranes for Environmental Applications

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