Nanotechnology: emerging tools for biology and medicine

Wong, Ian Y.; Bhatia, Sangeeta N.; Toner, Mehmet

doi:10.1101/gad.226837.113

Cited by 119 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Such technology permits precise customization of the shape, size, and surface chemistry of the area used for cell growth [1-4]. By achieving such control, researchers gain the ability to interrogate the mechanisms and regulation of fundamental cellular processes and to create novel bio-inspired platforms [5-9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-fabrication of chitosan and epoxy photoresist to form microwell arrays with permeable hydrogel bottoms

et al. 2016

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Microfabrication technology offers the potential to create biological platforms with customizable patterns and surface chemistries, allowing precise control over the biochemical microenvironment to which a cell or group of cells is exposed. However, most microfabricated platforms grow cells on impermeable surfaces. This report describes the co-fabrication of a micropatterned epoxy photoresist film with a chitosan film to create a freestanding array of permeable, hydrogel-bottomed microwells. These films possess optical properties ideal for microscopy applications, and the chitosan layers are semi-permeable with a molecular exclusion of 9.9 ± 2.1 kDa. By seeding cells into the microwells, overlaying inert mineral oil, and supplying media via the bottom surface, this hybrid film permits cells to be physically isolated from one another but maintained in culture for at least 4 days. Arrays co-fabricated using these materials reduce both large-molecular-weight biochemical crosstalk between cells and mixing of different clonal populations, and will enable high-throughput studies of cellular heterogeneity with increased ability to customize dynamic interrogations compared to materials in currently available technologies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-fabrication of chitosan and epoxy photoresist to form microwell arrays with permeable hydrogel bottoms

et al. 2016

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“…Chemical design of nanoparticles offers control over bioavailability and biodistribution, but we still need to address the form and function relationships for any given administration. 3,4 The Notch signaling pathway is the key regulator of stem cells in development and tissue homeostasis, and is deregulated in inflammatory intestinal disease and colon cancer. 5,6 Clinical studies inhibiting Notch are focused on several types of cancers by mainly two approaches: use of antibodies against receptors and ligands, and…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted modulation of cell differentiation in distinct regions of the gastrointestinal tract via oral administration of differently PEG-PEI functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles

Desai¹,

Prabhakar²,

Mamaeva³

et al. 2016

IJN

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Targeted delivery of drugs is required to efficiently treat intestinal diseases such as colon cancer and inflammation. Nanoparticles could overcome challenges in oral administration caused by drug degradation at low pH and poor permeability through mucus layers, and offer targeted delivery to diseased cells in order to avoid adverse effects. Here, we demonstrate that functionalization of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) by polymeric surface grafts facilitates transport through the mucosal barrier and enhances cellular internalization. MSNs functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(ethylene imine) (PEI), and the targeting ligand folic acid in different combinations are internalized by epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo after oral gavage. Functionalized MSNs loaded with γ-secretase inhibitors of the Notch pathway, a key regulator of intestinal progenitor cells, colon cancer, and inflammation, demonstrated enhanced intestinal goblet cell differentiation as compared to free drug. Drug-loaded MSNs thus remained intact in vivo, further confirmed by exposure to simulated gastric and intestinal fluids in vitro. Drug targeting and efficacy in different parts of the intestine could be tuned by MSN surface modifications, with PEI coating exhibiting higher affinity for the small intestine and PEI–PEG coating for the colon. The data highlight the potential of nanomedicines for targeted delivery to distinct regions of the tissue for strict therapeutic control.

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“…Correlating nuclear mechanics and structural organization with large-scale studies profiling gene expression, using NGS technologies for transcriptome sequencing, will ultimately lead to a more cohesive understanding of how the nuclear deformations induced by variable diastolic RV/LV vortical shear, torques, and “squeeze” contribute to myocardial phenotypic plasticity and morphomechanical changes. In addition, new nanotechnological approaches [229] to elucidating spatial genome organization and its link to function need to be developed.…”

Section: Future: Correlation Between Rv/lv Filling Vortex-induced mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanotransduction Mechanisms for Intraventricular Diastolic Vortex Forces and Myocardial Deformations: Part 2

Pasipoularides

2015

J. of Cardiovasc. Trans. Res.

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Epigenetic mechanisms are fundamental in cardiac adaptations, remodeling, reverse remodeling, and disease. A primary goal of translational cardiovascular research is recognizing whether disease related changes in phenotype can be averted by eliminating or reducing the effects of environmental epigenetic risks. There may be significant medical benefits in using gene-by-environment interaction knowledge to prevent or reverse organ abnormalities and disease. This survey proposes that “environmental” forces associated with diastolic RV/LV rotatory flows exert important, albeit still unappreciated, epigenetic actions influencing functional and morphological cardiac adaptations. Mechanisms analogous to Murray's law of hydrodynamic shear-induced endothelial cell modulation of vascular geometry are likely to link diastolic vortex-associated shear, torque and “squeeze” forces to RV/LV adaptations. The time has come to explore a new paradigm in which such forces play a fundamental epigenetic role, and to work out how heart cells react to them. Findings are considered from various disciplines, imaging modalities, computational fluid dynamics, molecular cell biology and cytomechanics. Examined are, among others, structural dynamics of myocardial cells (endocardium, cardiomyocytes, and fibroblasts), cytoskeleton, nucleoskeleton, and extracellular matrix, mechanotransduction and signaling, and mechanical epigenetic influences on genetic expression. To help integrate and focus relevant pluridisciplinary research, rotatory RV/LV filling flow is placed within a working context that has a cytomechanics perspective. This new frontier in contemporary cardiac research should uncover versatile mechanistic insights linking filling vortex patterns and attendant forces to variable expressions of gene regulation in RV/LV myocardium. In due course, it should reveal intrinsic homeostatic arrangements that support ventricular myocardial function and adaptability.

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Nanotechnology: emerging tools for biology and medicine

Cited by 119 publications

References 95 publications

Co-fabrication of chitosan and epoxy photoresist to form microwell arrays with permeable hydrogel bottoms

Co-fabrication of chitosan and epoxy photoresist to form microwell arrays with permeable hydrogel bottoms

Targeted modulation of cell differentiation in distinct regions of the gastrointestinal tract via oral administration of differently PEG-PEI functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles

Mechanotransduction Mechanisms for Intraventricular Diastolic Vortex Forces and Myocardial Deformations: Part 2

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