Nanotechnology Approaches for the Remediation of Agricultural Polluted Soils

Abstract

Soil pollution from various anthropogenic and natural activities poses a significant threat to the environment and human health. This study explored the sources and types of soil pollution and emphasized the need for innovative remediation approaches. Nanotechnology, including the use of nanoparticles, is a promising approach for remediation. Diverse types of nanomaterials, including nanobiosorbents and nanobiosurfactants, have shown great potential in soil remediation processes. Nanotechnology approaches to soil pollution remediation are multifaceted. Reduction reactions and immobilization techniques demonstrate the versatility of nanomaterials in mitigating soil pollution. Nanomicrobial-based bioremediation further enhances the efficiency of pollutant degradation in agricultural soils. A literature-based screening was conducted using different search engines, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, from 2010 to 2023. Keywords such as "soil pollution, nanotechnology, nanoremediation, heavy metal remediation, soil remediation" and combinations of these were used. The remediation of heavy metals using nanotechnology has demonstrated promising results and offers an eco-friendly and sustainable solution to address this critical issue. Nanobioremediation is a robust strategy for combatting organic contamination in soils, including pesticides and herbicides. The use of nanophytoremediation, in which nanomaterials assist plants in extracting and detoxifying pollutants, represents a cuttingedge and environmentally friendly approach for tackling soil pollution.

Can bacteria and carbon-based nanomaterials revolutionize nanoremediation strategies for industrial effluents?

“…In the oil and gas sector, CFs are crucial in treating hydrocarbons and heavy metals, with up to 95% efficiency. Moreover, in agriculture, G and CDs effectively remove nitrates, phosphates, and pesticides, reaching 90% removal rates for nitrates and phosphates, demonstrating their broad applicability and significant contributions to environmental sustainability (Dhanapal et al, 2024a;Sajjad et al, 2024;Tripathi et al, 2024).…”

“…Beside this, successfully implementing and gaining recognition for nanobioremediation requires navigating bureaucratic challenges, adhering to international regulations, and actively involving stakeholders. Incorporating these technologies into a CE presents a chance for creative thinking and collaboration across different fields, promoting environmental Sustainability (Bhatt et al, 2022b;Gong et al, 2023;Dhanapal et al, 2024b). This integration promotes the adoption of sustainable practices, which agree with the principles of resource efficiency and waste reduction.…”

Mitigating Metal/Metalloid Stress in Crops: Strategies for Sustainable Agricultural Resilience

“…Notably, nanoscale zero-valent iron particles are employed due to their high reactivity in degrading various pollutants, including metal/metalloids. These particles are engineered to target specific contaminants, enhancing soil quality and offering a sustainable soil remediation method [60].…”

“…Other nanomaterials, such as titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and carbon-based nanoparticles, have significantly succeeded in adsorbing and transforming pollutants. This capability is crucial for mitigating the adverse impacts of agricultural practices on soil health, marking a significant advancement in soil remediation [60].…”

“…Due to their high surface area and excellent adsorption properties, these devices can effectively detect metal/metalloids. Nanosensors are tailored with specific nanomaterials to enhance their sensitivity and selectivity toward target metal/metalloid ions, making them invaluable in monitoring and managing water quality [60].…”