Nanotechnology and nano-propolis in animal production and health: an overview

Abstract

Nanotechnology is the science and technology of small and specific things that are <100 nm in size. Because of the size of nanomaterials, new changes in their chemical and physical structure may occur, and indicate higher reactivity and solubility. Many of nanotechnology applications in food and agricultural production are being developed in research and development settings. Global challenges are related to animal production, including environmental sustainability, human health, disease control, and food security. Nanotechnology holds promise for animal health, veterinary medicine, and some areas of animal production. Nanotechnology has had application in several other sectors, and its application in food and feed science is a recent case. Especially, natural nano antimicrobials obtained from different techniques such as nano-propolis are useful to veterinary medicine in terms of health, performance, and reliable food production. Nano-propolis is a nano-sized (1-100 nm in diameter) propolis particles tied together to make it more effective without changing its properties by changing the size of propolis by different methods. Propolis have many advantages such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer and antifungal activity, etc. The consumption of free form of propolis restricts these benefits due to low bioavailability, low solubility, low absorption, and untargeted release. Different nanoencapsulation technologies are used to obtain nano-propolis. Nano-propolis are more easily absorbed by the body because they have a size smaller. Nano-propolis is also more effective than propolis in terms of antibacterial and antifungal activity. This review focuses on some recent work concerning the uses of nanotechnology in animal health or human health using animal models, and the effectiveness of nanotechnology on natural supplements such as propolis used in animal nutrition and animal health.

Turkish Propolis and Its Nano Form Can Ameliorate the Side Effects of Cisplatin, Which Is a Widely Used Drug in the Treatment of Cancer

“…In the study conducted by Katanic et al [ 52 ] using spirea (Filipendula Ulmaria) extract to eliminate the side effects of CP, it was reported that CP significantly increased ALT, AST, and ALP values, which are among liver function tests, and creatinine and BUN values, which are among renal function tests, compared to the control group; on the other hand, the aforementioned extract (derived from the root area) decreased these parameters compared to the group to which CP was administered alone, but did not decrease the total protein, which is similar to the present study. The fact that propolis and NP had therapeutic effects against the negative effects of CP on blood parameters was associated with effective antioxidant compounds in their structure [ 53 , 54 ].…”

“…In addition, when examining the Bax/Bcl-2 rate, it was determined that there were significant differences between CP + NP-30 and propolis groups in terms of the liver and kidney tissues and the CP + NP-30 group gave effective results by significantly reducing the Bax level in tissues ( Figure 3 and Figure 6 ). According to the results acquired, the fact that especially the second dose (30 mg/kg BW) of NP was much more effective than free propolis (100 mg/kg BW) at the cellular level was associated with the significant increase in propolis activity by nanotechnology, which thus made it possible to obtain better results despite using lower doses of propolis [ 54 ].…”

Application of Polyphenol-Loaded Nanoparticles in Food Industry

“…Other antimicrobial components in the nanoencapsulated forms could be even more efficient against pathogens. For example, natural antimicrobials from propolis showed better antimicrobial activity when they were in the form of nanosized particles [118].…”

Effectiveness of six different methods in green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using propolis extract: Screening and characterization

“…Propolis, a bee glue, is collected by honey bees from numerous plant flowers, and due to its unique biological attributes such as antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities against several microorganisms, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antitumor, and immune-stimulating activities, it received great attention by the researchers and scientists [12,13]. Several studies indicated that propolis is composed of various valuable bioactive compounds such as alcohols, aldehydes, aromatic acids and esters, flavanones, flavones, hydrocarbon esters, ethers, hydroxyl and keto waxes, ketones, terpenoids, steroids, sugar, several vitamins (e.g., B, C, and E), resins, and silicon [14,15].…”