Nanotechnologies in tissue engineering

Abstract

As an interdisciplinary field, tissue engineering (TE) aims to regenerate tissues by combining the principles of cell biology, material science, and biomedical engineering. Nanotechnology creates new materials that might enable further tissue-engineering applications. In this context, the introduction of nanotechnology and nanomaterials promises a biomimetic approach by mimicking nature. This review summarizes the current scope of nanotechnology implementation possibilities in the field of tissue engineering of bone, muscle, and vascular grafts with forms on nanofibrous structures.

Structural, Morphological and Thermal Properties of Cellulose Nanofibers from Napier fiber (Pennisetum purpureum)

“…Nanocellulose, with its nano-sized diameter, has many advantages such as a high surface area, good strength and stiffness, excellent chemical reactivity, and being low in density [ 11 ]. Recently, they have been widely used as cellulose nanofibers (CNF), or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), attracted positive attention in many industries such as the automotive [ 12 ], biomedical [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], and pharmaceutical industries [ 10 ], and have also found use as reinforcements in polymeric nanocomposites [ 16 , 17 ]. From previous studies, nanocellulose fibers have been successfully extracted from cellulose sourced from softwood [ 18 ], cotton [ 8 , 19 , 20 ], roselle [ 21 ], jute fiber [ 22 ], banana peel [ 23 , 24 ], and bamboo [ 25 ].…”

Polymeric Nanostructures for Imaging and Therapy

“…217 Therapies based on nanotechnology have contributed in developing biocomparable materials for stents, polymeric nanofibers as a stent surface coating substances, and drug eluting stents (DES). 227-230 The first generation of DES effectively reduced in-stent restenosis, but profoundly delayed healing. Oh and Lee reported the preparation of nanofibers as a drug (β-estradiol) eluting coating on a stent.…”

“…One major concern in vascular surgeries is injury to the vascular wall that leads to inflammation and delayed recovery of the vessel, which could induce late stent thrombosis and significant clinical complications . Therapies based on nanotechnology have contributed in developing biocomparable materials for stents, polymeric nanofibers as stent surface coating substances, and drug-eluting stents (DESs). − The first generation of DESs effectively reduced in-stent restenosis but profoundly delayed healing. Oh and Lee reported the preparation of nanofibers as a drug (β-estradiol)-eluting coating on a stent.…”

Decellularization of bone tissue in a supercritical carbon dioxide environment

“…It is related to an increase in the number of patients with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, victims of various accidents that lead to injuries and infections formation. However, common methods of treatment, such as tissue/organ transplantation, surgeries, use of various mechanical devices, face several unresolved issues and problems, which aroused great interest in tissue engineering [1,2].…”