Nanotechnological approaches in seed science

Abstract

Seed is the nature's Nano-gift to human beings. Engineered nano-materials like Carbon Nanotubes, Quantum dots, Nano Gold, Nano-Zinc, Nano-Aluminum and Nano Titanium, Zinc oxide and Nano-Sized Polymers have received greater attention in Seed Science. In global seed trade, tracking seed materials is difficult, which can be positively overcome by nano-barcoding of seeds and helps to download the information about the seed lot information like location, date of harvest, germination, purity etc. and also help in IPR protection for seed companies seeking to enter highly competitive market of GM seeds. Nano formulation of Silver metal was found to possess antibacterial and antifungal properties. Use of silver nanoparticles for seed coating has tremendous potential in effectively controlling the seed borne diseases and prevents the sporulation, penetration of fungus and the growth of bacteria which will help in saving the life of seeds. Seed hardening with Carbon nano tubes and nano polymers play an effective role in increasing the germination through improved water penetration. Accumulation of free radicals is a major cause for seed deterioration during storage and emission of certain volatile aldehides that determine the degree of ageing which can be prevented by use of TiO2 nano particles (Spinach). Similarly, it promotes photosynthetic activity and in turn increased the assimilation of ammonium.